Introduction to Sentence (ବାକ୍ୟ କ’ଣ?)

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete idea or meaning.
A sentence must have a proper structure and clear meaning.

ଏକ Sentence (ବାକ୍ୟ) ହେଉଛି ଏମିତି କିଛି ଶବ୍ଦର ସମୁହ ଯାହା ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅର୍ଥ ଦେଇଥାଏ।

Example

A sentence always contains two important parts.

1. Subject

2. Predicate

ଏକ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଦୁଇଟି ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଅଂଶ ଥାଏ।
କର୍ତ୍ତା (Subject) ଏବଂ ବିଧେୟ (Predicate)।

Step 2: Subject (କର୍ତ୍ତା)

The Subject is the part of a sentence that tells who or what the sentence is about.

ଯେଉଁ ଅଂଶରେ ବାକ୍ୟରେ କାହା ବା କ’ଣ ବିଷୟରେ କୁହାଯାଉଛି ସେହିଟାକୁ Subject (କର୍ତ୍ତା) କୁହାଯାଏ।

Example

📌 In most sentences, the subject comes before the verb. ସାଧାରଣତଃ Subject ବାକ୍ୟର ଆରମ୍ଭରେ ଥାଏ।

Step 3: Predicate (ବିଧେୟ)

The Predicate tells something about the subject.
It includes the verb and the remaining part of the sentence.

Subject ବିଷୟରେ ଯାହା କୁହାଯାଏ ସେହି ଅଂଶକୁ Predicate (ବିଧେୟ) କୁହାଯାଏ।

Example

📌 Predicate always contains a verb.

Predicate ମଧ୍ୟରେ ସବୁବେଳେ କ୍ରିୟା (Verb) ଥାଏ।

Step 4: Structure of a Sentence (ବାକ୍ୟର ଗଠନ)

Sentences follow certain patterns.

Common Sentence Structures

Step 5: Examples of Subject and Predicate

Table of Examples

ଏହି ଟେବୁଲ୍‌ରେ ଦେଖାଯାଉଛି ଯେ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦୁଇଟି ଅଂଶ ଅଛି।

Step 6: Head Word in Subject and Predicate

In many sentences, the subject has a main noun and the predicate has a main verb.

Example

📌 The main noun is the head of the subject.
📌 The main verb is the head of the predicate.

Step 7: Subject in Interrogative Sentences (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)

Sometimes the subject does not appear first in the sentence.

Example

ଏହି ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ବାକ୍ୟରେ Subject ବାକ୍ୟର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥାଏ।

Step 8: Subject in Imperative Sentences

Imperative sentences give orders, requests, advice or suggestions.

Example sentences

Go there.
Help me.
Drive slowly.
Close the door.

In these sentences, the subject “you” is understood but not written.

ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ Subject “you” ଲେଖା ନଥାଏ କିନ୍ତୁ ଅର୍ଥରେ ଥାଏ।

Example

Step 9: Subject in Exclamatory Sentences

Exclamatory sentences express strong feelings or emotions.

Examples

What a beautiful flower! 🌸
How wonderful! 😲
What a great idea! 💡

Sometimes the subject and verb are not clearly shown.

Example

Step 10: Important Rules (ମୁଖ୍ୟ ନିୟମ)

Every sentence must have a subject and predicate.

Predicate always contains a verb.

Subject usually comes before the predicate.

In imperative sentences, the subject “you” is hidden.

A sentence must express complete meaning.

Step 11: Practice Exercise (ଅଭ୍ୟାସ)

Exercise 1: Identify Subject and Predicate

Exercise 2: Arrange the Words

Step 12: Quick Revision (ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି)

Sentence means a group of words with complete meaning.

A sentence has two main parts.

Subject means who or what the sentence is about.

Predicate tells something about the subject.

Subject + Predicate together make a complete sentence.