Verbs – Study Material Class 9 English Grammar
Step 1: Definition of Verb (କ୍ରିୟାର ସଂଜ୍ଞା)
A Verb is a word that shows action, state, feeling, or occurrence in a sentence.
Verb ହେଉଛି ସେହି ଶବ୍ଦ ଯାହା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ, ଅବସ୍ଥା, ଅନୁଭବ ବା ଘଟଣାକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ।
A sentence cannot be complete without a verb.
କୌଣସି ବାକ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟା ବିନା ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ହୁଏନାହିଁ।
Examples
| Sentence | Verb | Odia Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Ram runs | runs | ରାମ ଦୌଡେ |
| She sings | sings | ସେ ଗାଏ |
| Birds fly | fly | ପକ୍ଷୀ ଉଡନ୍ତି |
| The sun rises | rises | ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଉଦୟ ହୁଏ |
😊 Easy idea
If you want to know the verb, ask the question:
"What is happening?" or "What is the subject doing?"
Step 2: Formula of Verb in a Sentence (ବାକ୍ୟରେ କ୍ରିୟାର ଗଠନ)
Sentences follow certain patterns where verbs play an important role.
Sentence Formula
| Formula | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Subject + Verb | Birds fly | ପକ୍ଷୀ ଉଡନ୍ତି |
| Subject + Verb + Object | Ram plays cricket | ରାମ କ୍ରିକେଟ୍ ଖେଳେ |
| Subject + Verb + Complement | She is happy | ସେ ଖୁସି ଅଛି |
| Subject + Auxiliary Verb + Main Verb | She is reading | ସେ ପଢୁଛି |
📘 Short Trick
S + V = Complete basic sentence
Step 3: Types of Verbs (କ୍ରିୟାର ପ୍ରକାର)
1️⃣ Action Verb (କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟା)
Action verbs show physical action.
Action verbs କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବା କାମକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ।
Examples
| Verb | Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| run | The boy runs fast | ଛୁଆ ଦୌଡୁଛି |
| play | Children play football | ଛୁଆମାନେ ଖେଳୁଛନ୍ତି |
| write | She writes a letter | ସେ ଚିଠି ଲେଖୁଛି |
| read | He reads a book | ସେ ପୁସ୍ତକ ପଢୁଛି |
💡 Trick
Action verbs answer the question
What does the subject do?
2️⃣ Mental Verb (ମନସିକ କ୍ରିୟା)
Mental verbs show thinking, knowing or feeling.
ଏହି କ୍ରିୟାମାନେ ମନର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ।
Examples
| Verb | Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| think | I think it is right | ମୁଁ ଭାବୁଛି |
| know | I know the answer | ମୁଁ ଉତ୍ତର ଜାଣିଛି |
| remember | I remember the story | ମୁଁ କାହାଣୀ ମନେ ରଖିଛି |
| believe | She believes him | ସେ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ କରେ |
🧠 Trick
Mental verbs are mind verbs.
3️⃣ Communicative Verb (ସଂଯୋଗ କ୍ରିୟା)
Communicative verbs express communication or speaking.
ଏହି କ୍ରିୟାମାନେ କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତା ବା ସଂଯୋଗକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ।
Examples
| Verb | Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| say | He said the truth | ସେ ସତ୍ୟ କହିଲା |
| ask | The teacher asked a question | ଶିକ୍ଷକ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ କଲେ |
| tell | She told a story | ସେ କାହାଣୀ କହିଲା |
| speak | He speaks English | ସେ ଇଂରାଜୀ କହେ |
🗣 Trick
Communicative verbs = Speaking verbs
4️⃣ Verbs of Aspect (ଅବସ୍ଥା ସୂଚକ କ୍ରିୟା)
These verbs show the start, continuation or end of an action.
ଏହି କ୍ରିୟାମାନେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଆରମ୍ଭ ବା ଶେଷକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ।
Examples
| Verb | Sentence | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| start | She started reading | ସେ ପଢିବା ଆରମ୍ଭ କଲା |
| begin | The class begins now | ଶ୍ରେଣୀ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଉଛି |
| stop | He stopped talking | ସେ କଥା ବନ୍ଦ କଲା |
| continue | She continues her work | ସେ କାମ ଚାଲୁ ରଖିଛି |
Step 4: Main Verb and Auxiliary Verb
(ମୂଳ କ୍ରିୟା ଓ ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟା)
Main Verb (ମୂଳ କ୍ରିୟା)
The main verb shows the main action.
ମୂଳ କ୍ରିୟା ବାକ୍ୟର ମୁଖ୍ୟ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ।
Example
| Sentence | Main Verb |
|---|---|
| She reads a book | reads |
| Birds fly | fly |
| The boy runs | runs |
Auxiliary Verb (ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟା)
Auxiliary verbs help the main verb.
ସହାୟକ କ୍ରିୟା ମୂଳ କ୍ରିୟାକୁ ସହାୟତା କରେ।
Examples
| Sentence | Auxiliary Verb | Main Verb |
|---|---|---|
| She is reading | is | reading |
| They are playing | are | playing |
| He has finished work | has | finished |
💡 Trick to remember Auxiliary Verbs
Be verbs
am, is, are, was, were
Have verbs
has, have, had
Do verbs
do, does, did
Easy memory trick
👉 BHD Rule
Be – Have – Do
Step 5: Forms of Verbs (କ୍ରିୟାର ରୂପ)
Most verbs have three forms.
| Base Form | Past Form | Past Participle | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | went | gone | ଯିବା |
| eat | ate | eaten | ଖାଇବା |
| write | wrote | written | ଲେଖିବା |
| sing | sang | sung | ଗାଇବା |
💡 Trick
Remember the formula
V1 → V2 → V3
Base → Past → Past Participle
Step 6: Verb Agreement (Subject–Verb Agreement)
The verb must match the subject.
କ୍ରିୟା କର୍ତ୍ତା ସହିତ ମେଳ ଖାଇବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ।
Table
| Subject | Verb |
|---|---|
| I | am |
| We | are |
| You | are |
| They | are |
| He | is |
| She | is |
| It | is |
Example Sentences
I am a student.
We are playing football.
He is reading a book.
Step 7: Important Grammar Formula
Present Continuous Formula
| Formula | Example |
|---|---|
| Subject + am/is/are + Verb + ing | She is reading |
Present Perfect Formula
| Formula | Example |
|---|---|
| Subject + has/have + V3 | She has finished |
Simple Past Formula
| Formula | Example |
|---|---|
| Subject + V2 | She wrote a letter |
Step 8: Practice Exercise (ଅଭ୍ୟାସ)
Identify the Verb
| Sentence | Verb |
|---|---|
| The boy runs fast | ? |
| She sings beautifully | ? |
| They play cricket | ? |
| The sun shines | ? |
Fill in the blanks
| Sentence | Answer |
|---|---|
| She ___ reading a book | is |
| They ___ playing football | are |
| I ___ a student | am |
Step 9: Quick Revision (ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି)
Verb shows action, state or occurrence.
Verb is necessary for a sentence.
Main verb shows the main action.
Auxiliary verbs help the main verbs.
Three forms of verbs are used in grammar.