Time and Tense

Time and Tense – Study Material Class 9 English Grammar

Study Material Book Q&A Additional Questions

Step 1: Definition of Time (ସମୟର ସଂଜ୍ଞା)

Time is the concept that tells when an action happens.

Time ବୋଲି କୁହିଲେ କୌଣସି କାମ କେବେ ଘଟିଛି, ଘଟୁଛି କିମ୍ବା ଘଟିବ ତାହାକୁ ବୁଝାଯାଏ।

Time is divided into three parts.

Type of Time	Meaning	Odia Meaning
Past	Time that has already passed	ଅତୀତ ସମୟ
Present	Time happening now	ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସମୟ
Future	Time yet to come	ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ ସମୟ

Example

Sentence	Time
I played yesterday	Past
I play today	Present
I will play tomorrow	Future

😊 Easy Trick
Yesterday → Past
Today → Present
Tomorrow → Future

Step 2: Definition of Tense (କାଳର ସଂଜ୍ଞା)

Tense is the form of a verb that shows the time of an action.

Tense ହେଉଛି କ୍ରିୟାର ଏମିତି ରୂପ ଯାହା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କେବେ ଘଟିଛି ତାହାକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ।

In English grammar, tense helps us understand when an action takes place.

Example

Sentence	Verb	Tense
She writes a letter	writes	Present Tense
She wrote a letter	wrote	Past Tense
She will write a letter	will write	Future Tense

Step 3: Definition of Present Tense (ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କାଳର ସଂଜ୍ଞା)

Present Tense shows an action that happens now, regularly, or always.

Present tense ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ସମୟରେ ଘଟୁଥିବା ବା ନିୟମିତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ।

Examples

Sentence	Meaning
She reads a book	ସେ ପୁସ୍ତକ ପଢେ
The sun rises in the east	ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପୂର୍ବରେ ଉଦୟ ହୁଏ

Formula

Structure	Example
Subject + V1	I play
Subject + V1 + s/es	He plays

💡 Trick
If subject = He / She / It
Add s / es to the verb.

Step 4: Definition of Present Continuous Tense

Present Continuous Tense shows an action that is happening right now.

Present continuous tense ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ଚାଲୁଥିବା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ।

Formula

Structure	Example
Subject + am/is/are + Verb + ing	She is reading

Examples

Sentence	Meaning
I am writing a letter	ମୁଁ ଚିଠି ଲେଖୁଛି
They are playing football	ସେମାନେ ଖେଳୁଛନ୍ତି

💡 Trick
Look for am / is / are + ing

Step 5: Definition of Past Tense (ଅତୀତ କାଳର ସଂଜ୍ଞା)

Past Tense shows an action that happened in the past.

Past tense ଅତୀତ ସମୟରେ ଘଟିଥିବା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ।

Formula

Structure	Example
Subject + V2	She wrote a letter

Examples

Sentence	Meaning
Ram played football	ରାମ ଫୁଟବଲ ଖେଳିଲା
She sang a song	ସେ ଗୀତ ଗାଇଲା

💡 Trick
Past tense often uses V2 form

Example
go → went
eat → ate
write → wrote

Step 6: Definition of Future Tense (ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ କାଳର ସଂଜ୍ଞା)

Future Tense shows an action that will happen later.

Future tense ଆଗାମୀ ସମୟରେ ଘଟିବାକୁ ଥିବା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଏ।

Formula

Structure	Example
Subject + will + V1	She will write

Examples

Sentence	Meaning
I will go tomorrow	ମୁଁ କାଲି ଯିବି
They will play football	ସେମାନେ ଖେଳିବେ

💡 Trick
Future tense often uses will + verb

Step 7: Difference Between Time and Tense

Time	Tense
Time tells when something happens	Tense shows verb form
Time is a general idea	Tense is a grammar rule
Past, Present, Future	Present tense, Past tense

📘 Simple Formula

Time → Concept of time
Tense → Form of verb

Step 8: Tense Comparison Table

Tense	Structure	Example
Present	S + V1	She sings
Present Continuous	S + am/is/are + V-ing	She is singing
Past	S + V2	She sang
Future	S + will + V1	She will sing

Step 9: Important Tricks for Students

😊 Trick 1
Look at verb form to identify tense.

😊 Trick 2
Look at time words.

Time Word	Tense
yesterday	Past
today	Present
now	Present Continuous
tomorrow	Future

😊 Trick 3

Remember the simple formula

Present → V1
Past → V2
Future → will + V1

Step 10: Practice Exercise (ଅଭ୍ୟାସ)

Identify the Tense

Sentence	Tense
She reads a book	?
They are playing	?
Ram wrote a letter	?
I will go tomorrow	?

Fill in the blanks

Sentence	Answer
She ___ reading a book	is
They ___ playing football	are
I ___ go tomorrow	will

Step 11: Quick Revision (ସଂକ୍ଷିପ୍ତ ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି)

Time tells when an action happens.

Tense tells the form of the verb.

English grammar mainly has three tenses.

Present tense shows current actions.

Past tense shows completed actions.

Future tense shows upcoming actions.

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Time and Tense – Study Material Class 9 English Grammar