Answer the following questions in brief:

1. Who was the headmaster of the Rajkot High School when Gandhi was in the seventh standard? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀ ଯେତେବେଳେ ସପ୍ତମ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ଥିଲେ, ସେତେବେଳେ ରାଜକୋଟ ହାଇସ୍କୁଲର ପ୍ରଧାନଶିକ୍ଷକ କିଏ ଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: The headmaster then was Dorabji Edulji Gimi.

2. What two activities were made compulsory for the boys of the upper standard? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଉଚ୍ଚ ଶ୍ରେଣୀର ବାଳକମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ କେଉଁ ଦୁଇଟି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକଳାପ ବାଧ୍ୟତାମୂଳକ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା?)

 Ans: Gymnastics and cricket were made compulsory for the boys of the upper standard.

3. What was the amount of scholarship Gandhi obtained in the fifth and sixth standards? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପଞ୍ଚମ ଏବଂ ଷଷ୍ଠ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ଗାନ୍ଧୀ କେତେ ପରିମାଣର ବୃତ୍ତି ପାଇଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: He obtained scholarships of rupees four and ten respectively.

4. What was Gandhi's "false notion" about gymnastics? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଜିମ୍ନାଷ୍ଟିକ୍ ବିଷୟରେ ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କର "ଭୁଲ ଧାରଣା" କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: His false notion was that gymnastics had nothing to do with education.

5. What was the name of Gandhi's Sanskrit teacher mentioned in the text? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପାଠ୍ୟରେ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ ଥିବା ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କ ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଶିକ୍ଷକଙ୍କ ନାମ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: The text mentions the name Krishnashankar Pandya.

6. Why did Gandhi weep piteously when he received corporal punishment? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଶାରୀରିକ ଦଣ୍ଡ ପାଇବା ପରେ ଗାନ୍ଧୀ କାହିଁକି କରୁଣ ଭାବରେ କାନ୍ଦିଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: He wept piteously not because of the punishment itself, but because of the fact that it was "considered my desert", meaning he felt he deserved it, which hurt his sense of character.

7. What was the "special reason" for Gandhi's dislike for gymnastics? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଜିମ୍ନାଷ୍ଟିକ୍ ପ୍ରତି ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କ ଅରୁଚିର ବିଶେଷ କାରଣ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: The special reason for his dislike was his "keen desire to serve as nurse to my father" after school hours.

8. Why did Mr. Gimi order Gandhi to pay a fine of one or two annas? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଶ୍ରୀ ଜିମି ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କୁ ଏକ ବା ଦୁଇ ଅଣା ଜରିମାନା ଦେବାକୁ କାହିଁକି ଆଦେଶ ଦେଲେ?)

 Ans: He ordered Gandhi to pay the fine because Gandhi was marked absent for gymnastics and the headmaster "refused to believe" his explanation .

9. When and where did Gandhi feel "ashamed" of his bad handwriting? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କେବେ ଏବଂ କେଉଁଠାରେ ଗାନ୍ଧୀ ନିଜର ଖରାପ ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷର ପାଇଁ "ଲଜ୍ଜିତ" ଅନୁଭବ କଲେ?)

 Ans: He felt ashamed of his handwriting when he was in South Africa and saw the "beautiful handwriting of lawyers and young men" there .

10. Why did the "easiness" of the Persian subject tempt Gandhi? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଫାର୍ସୀ ବିଷୟର 'ସହଜତା' ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କୁ କାହିଁକି ପ୍ରଲୋଭିତ କଲା?)

 Ans: It tempted him because the Persian teacher was "lenient", while the Sanskrit teacher was a "hard taskmaster" .

11. What was the valuable lesson Gandhi learned from the gymnastics incident? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଜିମ୍ନାଷ୍ଟିକ୍ ଘଟଣାରୁ ଗାନ୍ଧୀ କେଉଁ ମୂଲ୍ୟବାନ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଲାଭ କଲେ?)

 Ans: He learned that "a man of truth must also be a man of care".

12. What advice does Gandhi give to young students regarding handwriting? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷର ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧରେ ଗାନ୍ଧୀ ଯୁବ ଛାତ୍ରଛାତ୍ରୀମାନଙ୍କୁ କ’ଣ ପରାମର୍ଶ ଦିଅନ୍ତି?)

 Ans: He advises them to be warned by his example and understand that good handwriting is a necessary part of education; he also suggests they should first be taught the "art of drawing" before learning to write .

13. What argument did the Sanskrit teacher give to persuade Gandhi? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରବର୍ତ୍ତାଇବା ପାଇଁ ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଶିକ୍ଷକ କ’ଣ ଯୁକ୍ତି ବାଢିଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: He argued that Gandhi was the "son of a Vaishnava father" and should not forget the "language of your own religion" .

14. What, according to Gandhi, was the main difference between learning geometry and Sanskrit? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କ ମତରେ, ଜ୍ୟାମିତି ଏବଂ ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଶିଖିବା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: The main difference was that in geometry there was "nothing to memorise," whereas in Sanskrit, he thought, "everything had to be learnt by heart".

15. How did Gandhi finally get exempted from the compulsory exercise? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀ ଶେଷରେ ବାଧ୍ୟତାମୂଳକ ବ୍ୟାୟାମରୁ କିପରି ଛାଡ ପାଇଲେ?)

 Ans: The exemption was obtained when his father wrote himself to the headmaster saying that he wanted his son at home after school.

Answer the following questions in about 50 words:

1. Describe the incident that led to Gandhi being "convicted of lying". (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯେଉଁ ଘଟଣା ଯୋଗୁଁ ଗାନ୍ଧୀ "ମିଛ କହିବାରେ ଦୋଷୀ" ସାବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିଲେ, ତାହା ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କର ।)

 Ans: One Saturday, Gandhi had to attend the compulsory gymnastics class at 4 p.m.. He "had no watch, and the cloud deceived me", making him misjudge the time, so he arrived after the class had left. The next day, the headmaster, Mr. Gimi, found him marked absent and "refused to believe" his truthful explanation . He was fined one or two annas, which pained Gandhi deeply because he was "convicted of lying" even though he was innocent.

2. Explain why Gandhi decided to sit in the Persian class and what made him return to Sanskrit. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀ କାହିଁକି ଫାର୍ସୀ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ବସିବାକୁ ସ୍ଥିର କଲେ ଏବଂ କେଉଁ କଥା ତାଙ୍କୁ ସଂସ୍କୃତକୁ ଫେରିଆସିବାକୁ ବାଧ୍ୟ କଲା, ତାହା ବୁଝାନ୍ତୁ ।)

 Ans: Gandhi was "disheartened" by Sanskrit, finding it a harder task than geometry because it required memorization. He was tempted by the "easiness" of Persian, as the Persian teacher was known to be "lenient". He returned to the Sanskrit class because the Sanskrit teacher, Krishnashankar Pandya, was "grieved". He called Gandhi, appealed to his religious duty as a Vaishnava's son, and offered to help him . This "kindness put me to shame", and Gandhi "could not disregard" his teacher's affection.

3. What were Gandhi's views on physical education? Why did he hold these views, and how did they change? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଶାରୀରିକ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଉପରେ ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କର ମତ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା? ସେ କାହିଁକି ଏହି ମତ ରଖିଥିଲେ, ଏବଂ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କିପରି ବଦଳିଗଲା?)

 Ans: Initially, Gandhi "disliked" compulsory gymnastics and cricket. He held this view partly because of his "shyness" and partly because he had a "false notion that gymnastics had nothing to do with education" . However, he later realized his mistake. He wrote that "Today I know that physical training should have as much place in the curriculum as mental training", showing that he eventually understood its importance.

4. What does Gandhi say about his character in his school days? How does the corporal punishment incident illustrate this? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀ ତାଙ୍କ ସ୍କୁଲ ଦିନର ଚରିତ୍ର ବିଷୟରେ କ’ଣ କୁହନ୍ତି? ଶାରୀରିକ ଦଣ୍ଡ ଘଟଣାଟି ଏହାକୁ କିପରି ଦର୍ଶାଏ?)

 Ans: Gandhi states that he "very jealously guarded my character". He says, "The least little blemish drew tears from my eyes" and that a rebuke was "unbearable". The corporal punishment incident illustrates this perfectly. He recalls weeping "piteously", not "so much mind[ing] the punishment" itself, but rather "the fact that it was considered my desert" . This shows that the physical pain was less hurtful to him than the moral pain of deserving such a punishment and having his character faulted.

5. What neglect did Gandhi regret later in life? Explain the reason for his regret and the advice he gave. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଜୀବନରେ କେଉଁ ଅବହେଳା ପାଇଁ ଅନୁତାପ କରିଥିଲେ? ତାଙ୍କ ଅନୁତାପର କାରଣ ଏବଂ ସେ ଦେଇଥିବା ପରାମର୍ଶ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କରନ୍ତୁ ।)

 Ans: Gandhi deeply regretted the neglect of his handwriting . He realized his error when he was in South Africa and saw the "beautiful handwriting of lawyers and young men", which made him feel "ashamed" . He concluded that "bad handwriting should be regarded as a sign of an imperfect education". His advice to every young man and woman was to "be warned by my example" and understand that good handwriting is a necessary part of education.

6. Explain the meaning of the lesson Gandhi learned: "a man of truth must also be a man of care." (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀ ଶିଖିଥିବା ପାଠର ଅର୍ଥ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କରନ୍ତୁ: "ଜଣେ ସତ୍ୟବାଦୀ ମଣିଷ ମଧ୍ୟ ଯତ୍ନଶୀଳ ହେବା ଉଚିତ୍ ।")

 Ans: This lesson, learned after the gymnastics incident, means that being honest is not enough; one must also be responsible and careful in one's actions. Gandhi was telling the truth when he said he was late because "the cloud deceived me," but he was also careless for not having a watch or finding another way to know the time. His carelessness made his truth seem unbelievable. Therefore, to protect one's truth and be believed, one must be diligent and avoid negligence.

7. Compare the teaching methods and influence of the Headmaster (Mr. Gimi)

 and the Sanskrit teacher (Mr. Pandya)

. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପ୍ରଧାନଶିକ୍ଷକ (ଶ୍ରୀ ଜିମି)ଏବଂ ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଶିକ୍ଷକ (ଶ୍ରୀ ପାଣ୍ଡ୍ୟା)ଙ୍କର ଶିକ୍ଷାଦାନ ପଦ୍ଧତି ଏବଂ ପ୍ରଭାବକୁ ତୁଳନା କରନ୍ତୁ ।)

 Ans: Mr. Gimi and Mr. Pandya had very different methods. Mr. Gimi was a "disciplinarian" who enforced rules strictly. He made gymnastics "compulsory" and did not listen to Gandhi's request for exemption. When Gandhi was late, Mr. Gimi "refused to believe" him and punished him by fining him. His method was based on strict rules and punishment. In contrast, Mr. Pandya was a "hard taskmaster" but used kindness and affection as his tools. When Gandhi left his class, Mr. Pandya did not punish him but "grieved". He "called me to his side" and persuaded him with gentle arguments about religion and culture . This "kindness put me to shame" and had a lasting positive influence on Gandhi.