1. What is a biography? What is an autobiography? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଜୀବନୀ କ’ଣ? ଆତ୍ମଜୀବନୀ କ’ଣ?)

 Ans: A biography is the story of a person's life written by someone else. An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by that person themself.

2. Is this lesson a biography or an autobiography? Support your answer with reasons. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଏହି ପାଠଟି ଏକ ଜୀବନୀ ନା ଆତ୍ମଜୀବନୀ? କାରଣ ସହ ତୁମ ଉତ୍ତରକୁ ସମର୍ଥନ କର ।)

 Ans: This lesson is an autobiography. It is an excerpt from M.K. Gandhi's book "My Experiment with Truth", in which he describes his own high school experiences.

3. Was Gandhi good at studies? How will you support your answer? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀ କ’ଣ ପାଠପଢାରେ ଭଲ ଥିଲେ? ତୁମ ଉତ୍ତର ସପକ୍ଷରେ କିପରି ଯୁକ୍ତି ଦେବ?)

 Ans: Gandhi was an average student; he was noted to be "good at English, fair in Arithmetic, weak in Geography" and was "not regarded as a fool at the high school".

4. Did his teacher like him? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ତାଙ୍କ ଶିକ୍ଷକମାନେ କ’ଣ ତାଙ୍କୁ ପସନ୍ଦ କରୁଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: Yes, he stated that he "always enjoyed the affection" of his teachers.

5. What sorts of certificates were sent to his parents? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ତାଙ୍କ ପିତାମାତାଙ୍କ ନିକଟକୁ କେଉଁ ପ୍ରକାରର ପ୍ରମାଣପତ୍ର ପଠାଯାଉଥିଲା?)

 Ans: Certificates of progress and character used to be sent to his parents every year.

6. When did he win prizes? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ କେବେ ପୁରସ୍କାର ଜିତିଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: He won prizes after he passed out of the second standard.

7. Which standards did he get scholarships in? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ କେଉଁ ଶ୍ରେଣୀମାନଙ୍କରେ ବୃତ୍ତି ପାଇଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: He obtained scholarships in the fifth and sixth standards.

8. What were the amounts of his scholarships? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ତାଙ୍କ ବୃତ୍ତିର ପରିମାଣ କେତେ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: The amounts were rupees four and ten respectively .

9. Who did he thank more for his scholarship- himself or his good luck? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ ତାଙ୍କ ବୃତ୍ତି ପାଇଁ କାହାକୁ ଅଧିକ ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ଦେଇଥିଲେ - ନିଜକୁ ନା ତାଙ୍କ ସୌଭାଗ୍ୟକୁ?)

 Ans: He thanked good luck more than his merit.

10. What do you know about Gandhi as a person? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଭାବରେ ତୁମେ କ’ଣ ଜାଣିଛ?)

 Ans: As a person, Gandhi "very jealously guarded" his character and could not bear to be rebuked; the "least little blemish drew tears from my eyes".

11. What was he very much careful about? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ କେଉଁ ବିଷୟରେ ବହୁତ ସତର୍କ ଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: He was very much careful about his character.

12. How did he react when blamed? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯେତେବେଳେ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଦୋଷ ଦିଆଯାଉଥିଲା, ସେ କିପରି ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟା କରୁଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: When he merited, or seemed to merit, a rebuke, it was "unbearable" for him , and the "least little blemish drew tears" from his eyes.

13. What was more important for Gandhi- winning prizes or building character? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ କ’ଣ ଅଧିକ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଥିଲା - ପୁରସ୍କାର ଜିତିବା ନା ଚରିତ୍ର ଗଠନ?)

 Ans: Building character was more important for him, as he "very jealously guarded" it.

14. Why did he get physical punishment? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ କାହିଁକି ଶାରୀରିକ ଦଣ୍ଡ ପାଇଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: He received corporal punishment because it was "considered my desert," meaning he had apparently done something to deserve it.

15. Who was the headmaster? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପ୍ରଧାନଶିକ୍ଷକ କିଏ ଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: The headmaster was Dorabji Edulji Gimi.

16. Was he popular? Why? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ କ’ଣ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ ଥିଲେ? କାହିଁକି?)

 Ans: Yes, he was popular among the boys because he was a "disciplinarian, a man of method and a good teacher".

17. What was made compulsory for upper standard boys? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଉଚ୍ଚ ଶ୍ରେଣୀର ବାଳକମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ କ’ଣ ବାଧ୍ୟତାମୂଳକ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା?)

 Ans: Gymnastics and cricket were made compulsory for the boys of the upper standard.

18. I disliked both. What does 'both' refer to? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମୁଁ ଉଭୟକୁ ପସନ୍ଦ କରୁନଥିଲି । 'ଉଭୟ' କାହାକୁ ବୁଝାଉଛି?)

 Ans: 'Both' refers to gymnastics and cricket.

19. What was the reason for Gandhi's dislike for cricket and gymnastics? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କ୍ରିକେଟ୍ ଏବଂ ଜିମ୍ନାଷ୍ଟିକ୍ ପ୍ରତି ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କ ଅରୁଚିର କାରଣ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: One reason was his "shyness". Another was his "false notion that gymnastics had nothing to do with education".

20. Was the headmaster a lover of games? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପ୍ରଧାନଶିକ୍ଷକ କ’ଣ ଖେଳପ୍ରେମୀ ଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: Yes, he must have been, as he made gymnastics and cricket compulsory for the students.

21. What false idea did Gandhi have about games? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଖେଳ ବିଷୟରେ ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କର କି ଭୁଲ୍ ଧାରଣା ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: He had the false notion that gymnastics had nothing to do with education.

22. What were his views on games later? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଖେଳ ବିଷୟରେ ତାଙ୍କର ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ମତ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: Later, he knew that "physical training should have as much place in the curriculum as mental training".

23. What was the special reason for Gandhi's dislike for gymnastics? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଜିମ୍ନାଷ୍ଟିକ୍ ପ୍ରତି ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କ ଅରୁଚିର ବିଶେଷ କାରଣ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: His keen desire to "serve as nurse to my father" was the special reason.

24. Compulsory exercise came directly in the way of this service. What was the service? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ବାଧ୍ୟତାମୂଳକ ବ୍ୟାୟାମ ଏହି ସେବାର ରାସ୍ତାରେ ସିଧାସଳଖ ଆସୁଥିଲା । ସେବାଟି କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: The service was caring for his sick father after school hours.

25. Did the headmaster grant his request? Why? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପ୍ରଧାନଶିକ୍ଷକ କ’ଣ ତାଙ୍କ ଅନୁରୋଧ ରକ୍ଷା କଲେ? କାହିଁକି?)

 Ans: No, the headmaster "would not listen to me" when he requested to be exempted.

26. Why did he get to school late? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ କାହିଁକି ସ୍କୁଲରେ ବିଳମ୍ବରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିଲେ?)

 Ans: He got to school late for gymnastics because he "had no watch, and the cloud deceived me".

27. Clouds deceived him. How? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମେଘ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଧୋକା ଦେଲା । କିପରି?)

 Ans: The clouds deceived him by making him misjudge the time of day; he likely thought it was earlier than 4 o'clock because the sky was overcast.

28. Did the headmaster believe what he said? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ ଯାହା କହିଲେ, ପ୍ରଧାନଶିକ୍ଷକ କ’ଣ ତାହା ବିଶ୍ୱାସ କଲେ?)

 Ans: No, "He refused to believe me".

29. How much was he fined? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ତାଙ୍କୁ କେତେ ଜରିମାନା କରାଯାଇଥିଲା?)

 Ans: He was ordered to pay a fine of one or two annas.

30. What was he accused of? Was the accusation proper? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ତାଙ୍କୁ କ’ଣ ଅଭିଯୋଗ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା? ଅଭିଯୋଗଟି କ’ଣ ଠିକ୍ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: He was accused of lying. The accusation was not proper because he had told the headmaster the truth about what had happened.

31. What pained him so much? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କେଉଁ କଥା ତାଙ୍କୁ ଏତେ କଷ୍ଟ ଦେଲା?)

 Ans: The fact that he was "convicted of lying" deeply pained him.

32. What lesson did he learn from it? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ ଏଥିରୁ କ’ଣ ଶିକ୍ଷା ଲାଭ କଲେ?)

 Ans: He learned that "a man of truth must also be a man of care".

33. Was he careless in school later? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ କ’ଣ ପରେ ସ୍କୁଲରେ ଅସାବଧାନ ଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: No, that was the "first and last instance" of his carelessness in school.

34. Did he really have to pay the fine? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ତାଙ୍କୁ କ’ଣ ସତରେ ଜରିମାନା ଦେବାକୁ ପଡିଥିଲା?)

 Ans: He is not certain, but he had a "faint recollection" that he succeeded in getting the fine remitted.

35. How was the fine exempted in the end? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଶେଷରେ ଜରିମାନା କିପରି ଛାଡ କରାଗଲା?)

 Ans: The exemption from exercise was obtained later when his father wrote himself to the headmaster saying that he wanted his son at home after school.

36. What was the other neglect Gandhi talked about? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀ ଆଉ କେଉଁ ଅବହେଳା ବିଷୟରେ କହିଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: The other neglect was that of good handwriting.

37. What was his earlier notion on handwriting? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷର ଉପରେ ତାଙ୍କର ପୂର୍ବ ଧାରଣା କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: His earlier notion was that "good handwriting was not a necessary part of education".

38. When and where did he realise that his notions were wrong? What made him think so? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କେବେ ଏବଂ କେଉଁଠାରେ ସେ ହୃଦୟଙ୍ଗମ କଲେ ଯେ ତାଙ୍କ ଧାରଣା ଭୁଲ ଥିଲା? କ’ଣ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଏପରି ଭାବିବାକୁ ବାଧ୍ୟ କଲା?)

 Ans: He realized his notions were wrong when he was in South Africa . He was "ashamed of myself" when he saw the "beautiful handwriting of lawyers and young men" there.

39. What were his views on handwriting? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷର ଉପରେ ତାଙ୍କର ମତ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: His view was that "bad handwriting should be regarded as a sign of an imperfect education" and that it is a "necessary part of education".

40. What was his advice to young men and women in this regard? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଏ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧରେ ଯୁବକ-ଯୁବତୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ତାଙ୍କର ପରାମର୍ଶ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: His advice was that they should "be warned by my example" and understand that good handwriting is necessary. He also suggested children should first be taught "the art of drawing" before learning to write.

41. Why did Gandhi consider Sanskrit harder than geometry? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀ କାହିଁକି ଜ୍ୟାମିତି ଅପେକ୍ଷା ସଂସ୍କୃତକୁ କଠିନ ମନେ କରୁଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: He considered it harder because in geometry there was "nothing to memorise," whereas in Sanskrit, he thought, "everything had to be learnt by heart".

42. Which class was Sanskrit introduced in? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କେଉଁ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା?)

 Ans: Sanskrit was commenced from the fourth standard.

43. What did Gandhi say about the Sanskrit and Persian teachers? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀ ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଏବଂ ଫାର୍ସୀ ଶିକ୍ଷକମାନଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ କ’ଣ କହିଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: He said the Sanskrit teacher was a "hard taskmaster" , while the Persian teacher was "lenient", "very good and considerate to the students" .

44. Were they on good terms? Quote the sentence from your text in support of your answer. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେମାନେ କ’ଣ ଭଲ ସମ୍ପର୍କରେ ଥିଲେ? ତୁମ ଉତ୍ତର ସପକ୍ଷରେ ତୁମ ପାଠ୍ୟରୁ ବାକ୍ୟ ଉଦ୍ଧୃତ କର ।)

 Ans: No, they were not. The sentence is: "There was a sort of rivalry going on between the Sanskrit and the Persian teachers".

45. What tempted him to sit in the Persian class? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କେଉଁ କଥା ତାଙ୍କୁ ଫାର୍ସୀ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ବସିବାକୁ ପ୍ରଲୋଭିତ କଲା?)

 Ans: The "'easiness'" of the Persian language tempted him.

46. How did the Sanskrit teacher feel about it? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଏହା ବିଷୟରେ ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଶିକ୍ଷକ କିପରି ଅନୁଭବ କଲେ?)

 Ans: The Sanskrit teacher was "grieved" (saddened)

.

47. Why did he think it necessary for Gandhi to study Sanskrit? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ କାହିଁକି ଭାବିଲେ ଯେ ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ସଂସ୍କୃତ ପଢିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ?)

 Ans: He thought it was necessary because Gandhi was the "son of a Vaishnava father" and Sanskrit was the "language of your own religion" .

48. Did he come back to Sanskrit class? Why? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ କ’ଣ ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଶ୍ରେଣୀକୁ ଫେରି ଆସିଥିଲେ? କାହିଁକି?)

 Ans: Yes, he came back because he was put to shame by his teacher's kindness and "could not disregard" his teacher's affection.

49. What put him to shame? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କେଉଁ କଥା ତାଙ୍କୁ ଲଜ୍ଜିତ କଲା?)

 Ans: The "kindness" of the Sanskrit teacher put him to shame.

50. Who was his Sanskrit teacher? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ତାଙ୍କର ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଶିକ୍ଷକ କିଏ ଥିଲେ?)

 Ans: His Sanskrit teacher was Krishnashankar Pandya.

51. How did the study of Sanskrit help him later? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ତାଙ୍କୁ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ସମୟରେ କିପରି ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କଲା?)

 Ans: It helped him "take an interest in our sacred books".

52. What feelings did Gandhi have for his teachers? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କର ତାଙ୍କ ଶିକ୍ଷକମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି କିପରି ଭାବନା ଥିଲା?)

 Ans: He always enjoyed the "affection of my teachers" and felt "gratitude" towards them, such as for his Sanskrit teacher, Krishnashankar Pandya.

Ans: The completed table is as follows:

(a) Show how the following words are built up of their prefixes and roots. 

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ କିପରି ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଉପସର୍ଗ ଏବଂ ମୂଳରୁ ଗଠିତ ତାହା ଦର୍ଶାଅ ।)

abnormal =

Ans: ab + normal

disappear =

Ans: dis + appear

impossible =

Ans: im + possible

misunderstand =

Ans: mis + understand

demerit =

Ans: de + merit

illegible =

Ans: il + legible

intransitive =

Ans: in + transitive

unlucky =

Ans: un + lucky

(b) Rewrite the following sentences replacing the underlined words by single words with their opposite/negative meanings. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ବିପରୀତ/ନକାରାତ୍ମକ ଅର୍ଥ ଥିବା ଏକକ ଶବ୍ଦ ଦ୍ୱାରା ବଦଳାଇ ପୁନର୍ଲିଖନ କର ।)

(ii) Remote tribal areas among hills and forests are not still reachable. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପାହାଡ ଓ ଜଙ୍ଗଲ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ଦୁର୍ଗମ ଆଦିବାସୀ ଅଞ୍ଚଳଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଏବେବି ପହଞ୍ଚିବା ସହଜ ନୁହଁନ୍ତି ।)

Ans: Remote tribal areas among hills and forests are still unreachable.

(iii) The younger generation is not interested in traditional occupations. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯୁବ ପିଢି ପାରମ୍ପରିକ ବୃତ୍ତିରେ ଆଗ୍ରହୀ ନୁହଁନ୍ତି ।)

Ans: The younger generation is disinterested in traditional occupations.

(iv) The stranger did not talk in a polite manner. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଅପରିଚିତ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଜଣକ ଭଦ୍ର ଭାବରେ କଥା ହେଲେ ନାହିଁ ।)

Ans: The stranger talked in an impolite manner.

(v) Many people are not happy with what they have. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଅନେକ ଲୋକ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପାଖରେ ଯାହା ଅଛି ସେଥିରେ ଖୁସି ନୁହଁନ୍ତି ।)

Ans: Many people are unhappy with what they have.

(vi) Dull weather does not make us active. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ନିସ୍ତେଜ ପାଗ ଆମକୁ ସକ୍ରିୟ କରାଏ ନାହିଁ ।)

Ans: Dull weather makes us inactive.

(vii) Human wants are not limited. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମଣିଷର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ସୀମିତ ନୁହେଁ ।)

Ans: Human wants are unlimited.

(viii) They are not managing the organization properly. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେମାନେ ସଂସ୍ଥାକୁ ଠିକ୍ ଭାବରେ ପରିଚାଳନା କରୁନାହାଁନ୍ତି ।)

Ans: They are mismanaging the organization.

(ix) Her inaugural speech was not motivating. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ତାଙ୍କର ଉଦ୍‌ଘାଟନୀ ଭାଷଣ ପ୍ରେରଣାଦାୟକ ନଥିଲା ।)

Ans: Her inaugural speech was unmotivating.

(x) They did not behave their guests well. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେମାନେ ତାଙ୍କ ଅତିଥିମାନଙ୍କ ସହ ଭଲ ବ୍ୟବହାର କଲେ ନାହିଁ ।)

Ans: They misbehaved with their guests.

(xi) The soul is not mortal. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଆତ୍ମା ନଶ୍ୱର ନୁହେଁ ।)

Ans: The soul is immortal.

1. (a) There is such another sentence in paragraph-3 of the text. Can you find it out? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପାଠ୍ୟର ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ-୩ରେ ଏହିପରି ଆଉ ଏକ ବାକ୍ୟ ଅଛି । ତୁମେ ତାହା ଖୋଜି ପାରିବ କି?)

Ans: Yes. The sentence is: "Being asked for the reason of absence, I told him what had happened".

1. (b) Fill in each sentence below using the correct form of the verbs given in brackets. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ନିମ୍ନରେ ଥିବା ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ବାକ୍ୟକୁ ବନ୍ଧନୀରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା କ୍ରିୟାର ସଠିକ୍ ରୂପ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ପୂରଣ କର ।)

(ii) We (sit) for lunch after mother (fry) the eggs. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମା' ଅଣ୍ଡା ଭାଜିବା ପରେ ଆମେ ମଧ୍ୟାହ୍ନ ଭୋଜନ ପାଇଁ ବସିଲୁ ।)

Ans: We sat for lunch after mother had fried the eggs.

(iii) When Mahatma Gandhi (pass away), India (achieve) her freedom. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯେତେବେଳେ ମହାତ୍ମା ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କର ଦେହାନ୍ତ ହେଲା, ଭାରତ ସ୍ୱାଧୀନତା ହାସଲ କରିସାରିଥିଲା ।)

Ans: When Mahatma Gandhi passed away, India had achieved her freedom.

(iv) The train (leave) before they (reach) the station. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେମାନେ ଷ୍ଟେସନରେ ପହଞ୍ଚିବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଟ୍ରେନ୍ ଛାଡି ସାରିଥିଲା ।)

Ans: The train had left before they reached the station.

(v) Namrata (post) the letter after she (write) it. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ନମ୍ରତା ଚିଠିଟି ଲେଖି ସାରିବା ପରେ ତାକୁ ପୋଷ୍ଟ କଲା ।)

Ans: Namrata posted the letter after she had written it.

(vi) The patient (die) before the doctor (come). (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଡାକ୍ତର ଆସିବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ରୋଗୀଟି ମରିଯାଇଥିଲା ।)

Ans: The patient had died before the doctor came.

(vii) The farmer (plough) the field before he (sow) seeds. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଚାଷୀ ଜଣକ ମଞ୍ଜି ବୁଣିବା ପୂର୍ବରୁ କ୍ଷେତକୁ ହଳ କରିସାରିଥିଲା ।)

Ans: The farmer had ploughed the field before he sowed seeds.

(viii) The prizes (be,give) long before the cultural programmes (start). (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସାଂସ୍କୃତିକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେବାର ବହୁ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ପୁରସ୍କାର ଦିଆଯାଇ ସାରିଥିଲା ।)

Ans: The prizes had been given long before the cultural programmes started.

2. (a) Read the following situations and write an 'If-sentence' for each.

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ପରିସ୍ଥିତିଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପଢ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପାଇଁ ଏକ 'ଯଦି-ବାକ୍ୟ' ଲେଖ ।)

(ii) He did not fall into the river. He was not drowned. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ ନଦୀରେ ପଡିଲେ ନାହିଁ । ସେ ବୁଡିଗଲେ ନାହିଁ ।)

Ans: If he had fallen into the river, he would have been drowned.

(iii) The sun was in the right direction. The photographs came out very well. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଠିକ୍ ଦିଗରେ ଥିଲେ । ଫଟୋଗ୍ରାଫ୍‌ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବହୁତ ଭଲ ଆସିଲା ।)

Ans: If the sun had not been in the right direction, the photographs would not have come out very well.

(iv) I saw you. I invited you to my party. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମୁଁ ତୁମକୁ ଦେଖିଲି । ମୁଁ ତୁମକୁ ମୋ ପାର୍ଟିକୁ ନିମନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କଲି ।)

Ans: If I had not seen you, I would not have invited you to my party.

(v) Lilima won a lottery. She bought a good house. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଲିଲିମା ଏକ ଲଟେରୀ ଜିତିଲେ । ସେ ଏକ ଭଲ ଘର କିଣିଲେ ।)

Ans: If Lilima had not won a lottery, she would not have bought a good house.

(vi) The mangoes were not ripe. They did not sell at a good price. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଆମ୍ବଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଚି ନଥିଲା । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଭଲ ଦାମରେ ବିକ୍ରି ହେଲା ନାହିଁ ।)

Ans: If the mangoes had been ripe, they would have sold at a good price.

(vii) Subhra did not spend much. She had a lot of bank balance.

 (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଶୁଭ୍ରା ବେଶୀ ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ କଲେ ନାହିଁ । ତାଙ୍କର ବହୁତ ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ ବାଲାନ୍ସ ଥିଲା ।)

Ans: If Subhra had spent much, she would not have had a lot of bank balance.

(viii) The farmer worked hard. He reaped a rich harvest. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଚାଷୀ ଜଣକ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କଲେ । ସେ ଏକ ଭଲ ଅମଳ ପାଇଲେ ।)

Ans: If the farmer had not worked hard, he would not have reaped a rich harvest.

2. (b) Put the verbs in brackets into their correct forms. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ବନ୍ଧନୀରେ ଥିବା କ୍ରିୟାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ସଠିକ୍ ରୂପରେ ଲେଖ ।)

(i) If our boys had played well, our team (win) the match easily. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯଦି ଆମ ପିଲାମାନେ ଭଲ ଖେଳିଥାନ୍ତେ, ଆମ ଦଳ ମ୍ୟାଚଟିକୁ ସହଜରେ ଜିତିଯାଇଥାନ୍ତା ।)

Ans: If our boys had played well, our team would have won the match easily.

(ii) If Manisha (not get) the scholarship, she might have missed the chance of her studies abroad. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯଦି ମନୀଷା ବୃତ୍ତି ପାଇନଥାନ୍ତା, ସେ ହୁଏତ ବିଦେଶରେ ପଢିବାର ସୁଯୋଗ ହରାଇଥାନ୍ତା ।)

Ans: If Manisha had not got the scholarship, she might have missed the chance of her studies abroad.

(iii) India would not have achieved her freedom if the Indians (not fight) for it. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯଦି ଭାରତୀୟମାନେ ଏଥିପାଇଁ ଲଢି ନଥାନ୍ତେ, ତେବେ ଭାରତ ସ୍ୱାଧୀନତା ହାସଲ କରିପାରି ନଥାନ୍ତା ।)

Ans: India would not have achieved her freedom if the Indians had not fought for it.

(iv) Crops would have been better if it (rain) well. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯଦି ଭଲ ବର୍ଷା ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତା ତେବେ ଫସଲ ଭଲ ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତା ।)

Ans: Crops would have been better if it had rained well.

(v) The government (not be) very unpopular if they had not raised taxes. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯଦି ସରକାର ଟିକସ ବଢାଇ ନଥାନ୍ତେ, ତେବେ ସେମାନେ ଏତେ ଅପ୍ରିୟ ହୋଇ ନଥାନ୍ତେ ।)

Ans: The government would not have been very unpopular if they had not raised taxes.

(vi) If you (take) my advice, you would not have got into troubles. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯଦି ତୁମେ ମୋର ପରାମର୍ଶ ନେଇଥାନ୍ତ, ତୁମେ ଅସୁବିଧାରେ ପଡି ନଥାନ୍ତ ।)

Ans: If you had taken my advice, you would not have got into troubles.

(vii) The glass (not break) if she had not dropped it. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯଦି ସେ ଗ୍ଲାସଟିକୁ ପକାଇ ନଥାନ୍ତା, ତେବେ ତାହା ଭାଙ୍ଗି ନଥାନ୍ତା ।)

Ans: The glass would not have broken if she had not dropped it.

3. Fill in the blanks with correct prepositions choosing from the box. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ବକ୍ସରୁ ସଠିକ୍ 'preposition' ବାଛି ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କର ।)

(i) She was deeply ashamed her behavior at the party. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେ ପାର୍ଟିରେ ତାଙ୍କ ବ୍ୟବହାର ପାଇଁ ଗଭୀର ଭାବେ ଲଜ୍ଜିତ ଥିଲେ ।)

Ans: She was deeply ashamed of her behavior at the party.

(ii) People are the opinion that price controls are losing ground. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଲୋକମତ ଯେ ଦର ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ହ୍ରାସ ପାଉଛି ।)

Ans: People are of the opinion that price controls are losing ground.

(iii) The festival kicked off traditional music and folk dances. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପାରମ୍ପରିକ ସଙ୍ଗୀତ ଏବଂ ଲୋକନୃତ୍ୟ ସହିତ ଉତ୍ସବ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଲା ।)

Ans: The festival kicked off with traditional music and folk dances.

(iv) Sweets were distributed children. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ମିଠା ବଣ୍ଟାଗଲା ।)

Ans: Sweets were distributed among children.

(v) Charities are exempted paying tax. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଦାତବ୍ୟ ସଂସ୍ଥାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଟିକସ ଦେବାରୁ ଛାଡ କରାଯାଇଛି ।)

Ans: Charities are exempted from paying tax.

(vi) Children hardly refuse obey. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପିଲାମାନେ କ୍ୱଚିତ୍ ଆଜ୍ଞାପାଳନ କରିବାକୁ ମନା କରନ୍ତି ।)

Ans: Children hardly refuse to obey.

(vii) India succeeded winning the World Cup Cricket that year. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେହି ବର୍ଷ ଭାରତ ବିଶ୍ୱକପ୍ କ୍ରିକେଟ୍ ଜିତିବାରେ ସଫଳ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।)

Ans: India succeeded in winning the World Cup Cricket that year.

(viii) The officer was convicted bank fraud. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଅଧିକାରୀ ଜଣକ ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ ଠକେଇ ମାମଲାରେ ଦୋଷୀ ସାବ୍ୟସ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିଲେ ।)

Ans: The officer was convicted of bank fraud.

1. Write answers to all questions under "E. Let's understand the Text".

 (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: "E. ଆସ ପାଠ୍ୟକୁ ବୁଝିବା" ଅଧୀନରେ ଥିବା ସମସ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖ ।)

Ans: All the answers to the 52 questions under section E are provided above.

2. Write a paragraph in about 5 to 8 sentences on each of the topics given below: 

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ନିମ୍ନରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ବିଷୟ ଉପରେ ପ୍ରାୟ ୫ରୁ ୮ଟି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଏକ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ ଲେଖ ।)

(a) Gandhi as student (ଗାନ୍ଧୀ ଜଣେ ଛାତ୍ର ଭାବରେ)

Ans: As a student, Gandhi was mediocre; he was "not regarded as a fool" but was not brilliant either. He enjoyed the affection of his teachers and won some prizes and scholarships, for which he thanked "good luck more than my merit". His most important quality was his focus on his character, which he "jealousy guarded". The slightest blame was "unbearable" for him. He was also shy and held false notions, such as believing that handwriting and gymnastics were not important parts of education.

(b) Gandhi's Headmaster (ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କ ପ୍ରଧାନଶିକ୍ଷକ)

Ans: Gandhi's headmaster was Mr. Dorabji Edulji Gimi. He was a "disciplinarian, a man of method and a good teacher," which made him popular among the boys. He was a lover of games and made gymnastics and cricket "compulsory" for students. He was very strict and would not easily exempt students, as seen when he refused Gandhi's request. He also did not believe Gandhi's excuse for being late to gymnastics, accusing him of lying and fining him one or two annas.

(c) Gandhi's Sanskrit and Persian teachers (ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କ ସଂସ୍କୃତ ଏବଂ ଫାର୍ସୀ ଶିକ୍ଷକ)

Ans: The Sanskrit and Persian teachers had a "sort of rivalry" going on. The Persian teacher was lenient and considered "very good and considerate," which tempted Gandhi to join his class because it was easy. The Sanskrit teacher, Krishnashankar Pandya, was a "hard taskmaster". However, he was also very kind and affectionate. When Gandhi left his class, he was "grieved" and lovingly persuaded Gandhi to return, telling him it was the "language of your own religion". This kindness put Gandhi to shame, and he returned to the class.

(d) Gandhi's attitude towards sports and handwriting (ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କର ଖେଳ ଏବଂ ହସ୍ତାକ୍ଷର ପ୍ରତି ମନୋଭାବ)

Ans: Initially, Gandhi had a negative attitude towards both sports and handwriting. He "disliked" gymnastics and cricket due to his shyness and a "false notion that gymnastics had nothing to do with education". Similarly, he "neglected" his handwriting, believing it "was not a necessary part of education". He regretted both of these neglects later in life. He realized that physical training is as important as mental training, and that "bad handwriting should be regarded as a sign of an imperfect education".

3. Write a letter in about 100 words to your Penpal telling him/ her about Gandhi as a person. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ତୁମର ଜଣେ ପତ୍ର-ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କୁ ଗାନ୍ଧୀଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ଜଣେ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ଭାବରେ ୧୦୦ ଶବ୍ଦ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏକ ପତ୍ର ଲେଖ ।)

Ans:

Dear Alex,

You asked me about Mahatma Gandhi. I recently read a chapter from his autobiography about his school days, and it shows what kind of person he was even as a boy.

He was not a brilliant student, but he was extremely honest. The most important thing for him was his character, which he "jealousy guarded". He said that even the smallest blame "drew tears from my eyes". He was also very shy and dedicated to his family, even wanting to skip "compulsory exercise" just so he could go home and serve his sick father. He wasn't perfect, as he admits he neglected his handwriting and sports. But his deep sense of truth is what stands out the most.

Hope this helps you understand him better!

Your friend,

(Your Name)