1. What is North-East India? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବ ଭାରତ କ'ଣ?)

 Ans: North-East India is a collective name for the eastern-most parts of India, representing both a geographic and administrative division of the country.

2. Which states form the North-East India? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କେଉଁ ରାଜ୍ୟଗୁଡିକ ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବ ଭାରତ ଗଠନ କରନ୍ତି?)

 Ans: The region comprises eight states: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim and Tripura

3. Which states are called the "Land of Seven Sisters"? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କେଉଁ ରାଜ୍ୟଗୁଡିକୁ "ସପ୍ତଭଗିନୀଙ୍କ ଦେଶ" କୁହାଯାଏ?)

 Ans: The contiguous seven states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland are described as the "Land of Seven Sisters". (Note: The text lists six but calls them "seven states"; Tripura is the seventh).

4. Why are they called so? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ କାହିଁକି ଏପରି କୁହାଯାଏ?)

 Ans: They are called so because of their interdependence on each other.

5. Why is Sikkim not included among the "Seven Sisters"? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସିକ୍କିମ କାହିଁକି "ସପ୍ତଭଗିନୀ" ଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ ନୁହେଁ?)

 Ans: Sikkim is not included because it is geographically not a contiguous part of the northeast region and is separated from it by the Siligudi corridor.

6. What role does it play? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଏହା କି ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରେ?)

 Ans: Sikkim has happily taken up the role of being a "little brother" to the amazing seven sisters.

7. What is culture? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସଂସ୍କୃତି କ’ଣ?)

 Ans: According to the glossary, culture is "the habits, traditions and beliefs of a country".

8. People here celebrate their festivals with... (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଏଠାକାର ଲୋକମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପର୍ବ ପାଳନ କରନ୍ତି...) 

Ans: ...great enthusiasm and joy.

9. Many of their festivals are based on... (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଅନେକ ପର୍ବ ... ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ)

Ans: ...agriculture.

10. What are the two important parts of celebrating their festivals? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପର୍ବ ପାଳନ କରିବାର ଦୁଇଟି ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅଂଶ କ’ଣ?)

 Ans: No celebration is complete without traditional music and dance.

11. What is the most important festival of Assam? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଆସାମର ସବୁଠାରୁ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ପର୍ବ କ’ଣ?)

 Ans: Bihus are among the major cultural festivals of Assam.

12. Bihu festivals are of three kinds. What are they? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ବିହୁ ପର୍ବ ତିନି ପ୍ରକାରର । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ?)

 Ans: They are Rongali Bihu, Kongali Bihu and Bhogali Bihu.

13. Rangali Bihu is also known as... (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ରଙ୍ଗାଲି ବିହୁ ... ନାମରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଜଣାଶୁଣା) 

Ans: ...Bohag Bihu.

14. Kongali Bihu is also called... (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କଙ୍ଗାଲି ବିହୁକୁ ... ମଧ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ)

Ans: ...Kaati Bihu.

15. People also name Magh Bihu as... (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଲୋକମାନେ ମାଘ ବିହୁକୁ ... ବୋଲି ମଧ୍ୟ କହନ୍ତି) 

Ans: ...Bhogali [Bihu].

16. When is Rongali Bihu celebrated? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ରଙ୍ଗାଲି ବିହୁ କେବେ ପାଳନ କରାଯାଏ?)

 Ans: It is celebrated in mid-April.

17. What does Bohag Bihu celebrate? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ବୋହାଗ ବିହୁ କ’ଣ ପାଳନ କରେ?)

 Ans: It is celebrated with the onset of spring and the beginning of the sowing season, and it also marks the start of a New Year there.

18. When is Kaati Bihu celebrated? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କାତି ବିହୁ କେବେ ପାଳନ କରାଯାଏ?)

 Ans: It is celebrated in mid-October.

19. What do people do during Kongali Bihu? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କଙ୍ଗାଲି ବିହୁ ସମୟରେ ଲୋକମାନେ କ’ଣ କରନ୍ତି?)

 Ans: On this occasion, people light lamps and pray to God for a thriving harvest season and to guide souls to heaven.

20. When is Magh Bihu celebrated? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମାଘ ବିହୁ କେବେ ପାଳନ କରାଯାଏ?)

 Ans: It is observed in mid-January.

21. Bhogali Bihu marks... (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଭୋଗାଲି ବିହୁ ... କୁ ସୂଚିତ କରେ) 

Ans: ...the end of the harvest season.

22. Which festival is a thanksgiving for a rich harvest? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କେଉଁ ପର୍ବ ଏକ ସମୃଦ୍ଧ ଫସଲ ପାଇଁ ଧନ୍ୟବାଦ ଅଟେ?)

 Ans: Bhogali (or Magh) Bihu is a thanksgiving when the crops have been harvested and the barns are full.

23. Bihu celebration is incomplete without... (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ବିହୁ ଉତ୍ସବ ... ବିନା ଅସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ) 

Ans: ...melodious folk songs and traditional dance.

24. Which musical instruments are played during Bihu dance? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ବିହୁ ନୃତ୍ୟ ସମୟରେ କେଉଁ ବାଦ୍ୟଯନ୍ତ୍ର ବଜାଯାଏ?)

 Ans: The musical instruments include cymbals, bamboo clapper, dhol, and the pepa.

25. Where is Arunachal Pradesh? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଅରୁଣାଚଳ ପ୍ରଦେଶ କେଉଁଠାରେ ଅଛି?)

 Ans: It is lying farther north in the mountain region of the Himalayas.

26. Name three festivals that Arunachal Pradesh celebrates. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଅରୁଣାଚଳ ପ୍ରଦେଶ ପାଳନ କରୁଥିବା ତିନୋଟି ପର୍ବର ନାମ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ ।) Ans: Three festivals are Losar, Mopin, and the Ziro festival of music.

27. Which is the new-year festival of Arunachal Pradesh? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଅରୁଣାଚଳ ପ୍ରଦେଶର ନବବର୍ଷ ପର୍ବ କେଉଁଟି?)

 Ans: The new-year festival, Losar, is the most important festival in certain areas.

28. What do people do on this occasion? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଏହି ଅବସରରେ ଲୋକମାନେ କ’ଣ କରନ୍ତି?)

 Ans: On this occasion, people clean their homes and discard the old to bring in the New Year.

29. Which festival is the harvest festival here? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଏଠାରେ ଅମଳ ପର୍ବ କେଉଁଟି?)

 Ans: Mopin is the harvest festival of the Galo tribe.

30. What do people pray for during Mopin? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମୋପିନ୍ ସମୟରେ ଲୋକମାନେ କ’ଣ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା କରନ୍ତି?)

 Ans: People pray to drive away evil spirits and for acquiring prosperity and wealth.

31. Popir dance is performed on the occasion of... (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପୋପିର୍ ନୃତ୍ୟ ... ଅବସରରେ ପରିବେଷଣ କରାଯାଏ)

Ans: ...Mopin.

32. Ziro festival is an indoor / outdoor festival. (Tick the correct word.) (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଜିରୋ ଫେଷ୍ଟିଭାଲ୍ ଏକ ଇନଡୋର / ଆଉଟଡୋର ଫେଷ୍ଟିଭାଲ୍

 ।) Ans: Ziro festival is an outdoor musical festival.

33. Which festival in Manipur establishes a family bond? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମଣିପୁରର କେଉଁ ପର୍ବ ଏକ ପାରିବାରିକ ବନ୍ଧନ ସ୍ଥାପନ କରେ?)

 Ans: Ningol Chakouba binds and revives the relationships between married girls and their parents.

34. How are the married daughters and their children treated during Ningol Chakouba? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ନିଙ୍ଗୋଲ ଚକୌବା ସମୟରେ ବିବାହିତ ଝିଅ ଏବଂ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପିଲାମାନଙ୍କ ସହ କିପରି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ?)

 Ans: The women and their children are given a sumptuous feast and gifts.

35. Which festival celebrates new-year in Manipur? When? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମଣିପୁରରେ କେଉଁ ପର୍ବ ନବବର୍ଷ ପାଳନ କରେ? କେବେ?)

 Ans: Cheiraoba is the Manipur new-year festival, celebrated in April.

36. What do the people of Manipur do during the celebration of Cheiraoba? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଚେଇରାଓବା ପାଳନ ସମୟରେ ମଣିପୁରର ଲୋକମାନେ କ’ଣ କରନ୍ତି?)

 Ans: People clean and decorate the houses and prepare special festive dishes. As part of the ritual, the villagers climb the nearest hilltops.

37. Chapchar Kut is popular in Mizoram as... (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଚାପଚାର କୁଟ ମିଜୋରାମରେ ... ଭାବରେ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ) 

Ans: A. the Spring festival.

38. How do people of Mizoram celebrate Chapchar Kut? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମିଜୋରାମର ଲୋକମାନେ ଚାପଚାର କୁଟ କିପରି ପାଳନ କରନ୍ତି?)

 Ans: Men and women of all ages, wearing traditional dresses and headgear, perform folk dances and sing traditional songs. Drums, gongs and cymbals add to the festive air.

39. Wangala is also known as... (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ୱାଙ୍ଗାଲା ... ନାମରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଜଣାଶୁଣା)

Ans: ...the Hundred-drum Festival.

40. Where is Wangala celebrated? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ୱାଙ୍ଗାଲା କେଉଁଠାରେ ପାଳନ କରାଯାଏ?)

 Ans: It is celebrated by the Garos in the villages of Meghalaya.

41. Wangala is a harvest festival. What does it mark? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ୱାଙ୍ଗାଲା ଏକ ଅମଳ ପର୍ବ । ଏହା କ’ଣ ସୂଚିତ କରେ?)

 Ans: It marks the end of hard work which naturally brings a good harvest.

42. Describe the dance performed during Wangala. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ୱାଙ୍ଗାଲା ସମୟରେ ପରିବେଷଣ କରାଯାଉଥିବା ନୃତ୍ୟକୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରନ୍ତୁ ।) 

Ans: The dance has two parallel lines, one of men and the other of women, in their festive costumes. While the men beat the drums, the lines move forward together in a rhythmic manner.

43. How do people of Tripura celebrate Karachi Puja? When? Where? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ତ୍ରିପୁରାର ଲୋକମାନେ କରାଚି ପୂଜା କିପରି ପାଳନ କରନ୍ତି? କେବେ? କେଉଁଠାରେ?)

 Ans: It is a week-long festival celebrated with animal sacrifice and worshipping fourteen gods. It takes place in the month of July in old Agartala (Puran Heveli).

44. Why do people throng Tripura during the festival? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପର୍ବ ସମୟରେ ଲୋକମାନେ କାହିଁକି ତ୍ରିପୁରାକୁ ଆସନ୍ତି?)

 Ans: People throng Tripura during the festival to enjoy cultural programmes and fairs.

45. What do the dances during festivals in Tripura showcase? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ତ୍ରିପୁରାର ପର୍ବ ସମୟରେ ନୃତ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କରେ?)

 Ans: Many of the dances represent hunting, food-gathering and various other activities.

46. Name two Naga festivals. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଦୁଇଟି ନାଗା ପର୍ବର ନାମ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ ।)

Ans: Two Naga festivals are Moastu and the Hornbill festival.

47. Describe the Naga dance during the celebration of Moastu. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମୋଆସ୍ତୁ ପାଳନ ସମୟରେ ନାଗା ନୃତ୍ୟକୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରନ୍ତୁ ।) 

Ans: Dressed in colourful clothes and headgear decorated with feathers and wild boar tusks, the people in villages dance to the traditional music.

48. Which Naga festival is famous in India? What for? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଭାରତରେ କେଉଁ ନାଗା ପର୍ବ ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ? କାହିଁକି?)

 Ans: The Hornbill festival is one of India's most colourful and charming festivals. It is famous for showcasing the cultural heritage of 16 tribes there.

49. Which bird is most admired in Nagaland? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ନାଗାଲାଣ୍ଡରେ କେଉଁ ପକ୍ଷୀ ସବୁଠାରୁ ପ୍ରଶଂସିତ?)

 Ans: The Hornbill is the state's most admired bird.

50. Which Naga festival is named after the bird? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କେଉଁ ନାଗା ପର୍ବର ନାମ ପକ୍ଷୀ ନାମରେ ରଖାଯାଇଛି?)

 Ans: The Hornbill festival.

51. What does the event showcase? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଏହି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ରମ କ’ଣ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କରେ?)

 Ans: The event showcases the cultural heritage of 16 tribes.

52. Describe the dance by men during the Hornbill festival. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ହର୍ନବିଲ୍ ଫେଷ୍ଟିଭାଲ୍ ସମୟରେ ପୁରୁଷମାନଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା କରାଯାଉଥିବା ନୃତ୍ୟକୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରନ୍ତୁ ।)

Ans: Men, clad in full warrior costume, show off their hunting and warring skills.

53. What helps Nagaland protect and continue its history? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ନାଗାଲାଣ୍ଡକୁ ତା'ର ଇତିହାସ ରକ୍ଷା କରିବା ଏବଂ ଜାରି ରଖିବାରେ କ’ଣ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ?)

 Ans: Celebration of their festivals is an effective means of preserving and passing down their oral history.

54. Name four Sikkimese festivals. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଚାରୋଟି ସିକ୍କିମ ପର୍ବର ନାମ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ ।) Ans: Four Sikkimese festivals are Saga Dawa, Losoong, Losar, and Tihaar.

55. Match the festivals under A with their occasions under B. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: A ତଳେ ଥିବା ପର୍ବଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ B ତଳେ ଥିବା ଅବସରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସହିତ ମେଳ କରନ୍ତୁ ।) Ans: a. Losar --- New Year festival b. Saga Dawa --- Buddhist festival c. Tihaar --- festival of light d. Losoong --- harvest festival

56. What do people do while celebrating Saga Dawa? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସାଗା ଦାୱା ପାଳନ କରିବା ସମୟରେ ଲୋକମାନେ କ’ଣ କରନ୍ତି?)

 Ans: On this sacred day, people visit the monasteries, offer prayers, water, incense sticks and butter lamps.

57. How do the Sikkimese celebrate their harvest festival? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସିକ୍କିମର ଲୋକମାନେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଅମଳ ପର୍ବ କିପରି ପାଳନ କରନ୍ତି?)

 Ans: During Losoong (the harvest festival), locals wearing brightly coloured masks perform Chaam dance. An archery contest is also held, along with feasting and other celebrations.

58. When is the Tibetan New Year celebrated? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ତିବ୍ଦତୀୟ ନବବର୍ଷ କେବେ ପାଳନ କରାଯାଏ?)

 Ans: The Tibetan New Year, Losar, is usually held in February.

1. Can you add any more to this list? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଆପଣ ଏହି ତାଲିକାରେ ଆଉ କିଛି ଯୋଗ କରିପାରିବେ କି?)

 Ans: Yes, other things that make up a society's culture include: festivals, architecture, social customs, and values.

2. What is oral history? Why is it important? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମୌଖିକ ଇତିହାସ କ’ଣ? ଏହା କାହିଁକି ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ?)

 Ans: Oral history is a "collection of historical information which is not written but is passed on by the people who remember past event". It is important because it is an "effective means of preserving and passing down" a community's customs and traditions.

3. Who passes down these songs and dances? To whom? Why? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଏହି ଗୀତ ଏବଂ ନୃତ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କିଏ କାହାକୁ ଦେଇଥାଏ? କାହିଁକି?)

 Ans: The songs and dances are passed down from the older generations to the younger generations ("handed down through many generations" ). This is done to preserve their culture, traditions, and oral history.

4. The festivals of northeast India are based on two significant backgrounds. What are they? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବ ଭାରତର ପର୍ବଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦୁଇଟି ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ପୃଷ୍ଠଭୂମି ଉପରେ ଆଧାରିତ । ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ’ଣ?)

 Ans: The two significant backgrounds are agriculture and religious importance or significance.

5. Which sentence states their religious beliefs? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଧାର୍ମିକ ବିଶ୍ୱାସକୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରେ?)

 Ans: The sentence is: "Most of them have a religious importance or significance, as the people offer thanks to the gods for a good harvest or prosperity, or ask for protection against calamities."

6. Besides rooting religious beliefs, the festivals help in many other ways. What are they? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଧାର୍ମିକ ବିଶ୍ୱାସକୁ ଦୃଢ଼ କରିବା ବ୍ୟତୀତ, ପର୍ବଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅନ୍ୟ କେଉଁ ଉପାୟରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ?)

 Ans: These celebrations also help encourage cultural and artistic activities and bring out the natural talent of the people.

F. Let's Sum up: (ଆସ ସାରାଂଶ କରିବା)

Match the ideas under 'A' with their paragraph number(s) under 'B'.

(a) Word Search : (ଶବ୍ଦ ଖୋଜିବା)

Ans: This is a classroom activity where students are asked to puzzle out word meanings from the context and verify with a dictionary .

(b) Word Use: Rewrite the sentences using hardly, barely or scarcely. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: hardly, barely କିମ୍ବା scarcely ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପୁନର୍ଲିଖନ କରନ୍ତୁ ।)

(i) I saw almost none in the darkness.

Ans: I hardly/barely/scarcely saw anyone in the darkness.

(ii) The team could not score any goal.

 Ans: The team could hardly/barely/scarcely score any goal.

(iii) The beggar has nothing to eat.

Ans: The beggar has hardly/barely/scarcely anything to eat.

(iv) Many cities do very little to check air pollution.

 Ans: Many cities hardly/barely/scarcely do anything to check air pollution.

(v) I know her very slightly.

 Ans: I hardly/barely/scarcely know her.

(vi) Working children have almost no chance to enjoy.

 Ans: Working children hardly/barely/scarcely have any chance to enjoy.

(vii) There was almost no sugar in the jar.

Ans: There was hardly/barely/scarcely any sugar in the jar.

(viii) Samita cannot wait for her birthday.

Ans: Samita can hardly wait for her birthday.

(c) Homophones: Replace the incorrect homophones. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଭୁଲ୍ ହୋମୋଫୋନ୍ ଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବଦଳାନ୍ତୁ ।)

(i) Assam is a state in the north-eastern reason of India.

Ans: reason → region

(ii) Losar is a new-ear festival in Arunachal Pradesh.

 Ans: ear → year

(iii) People prey gods for prosperity.

 Ans: prey → pray

(iv) The women and children are given a sumptuous fist.

Ans: fist → feast

(v) People worship God to rise to a higher plain of life.

Ans: plain → plane

(vi) Rich harvest is the result of herd labour.

Ans: herd → hard

(vii) Folk dance and traditional music add to the festive heir.

Ans: heir → air

(viii) People throng Tripura to enjoy cultural programmes and fares.

Ans: fares → fairs

H. Let's learn Grammar: (ବ୍ୟାକରଣ ଶିଖିବା)

1. Use each of the following words first as a noun and then as a verb in separate sentences of your own. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପ୍ରଥମେ ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ପରେ କ୍ରିୟା ଭାବରେ ନିଜସ୍ୱ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରନ୍ତୁ ।)

Ans: dance: (Noun) The Bihu dance is joyous. (Verb) They dance to the traditional music.

harvest: (Noun) Mopin is the harvest festival. (Verb) The crops have been harvested.

 drive: (Noun) It's a long drive to the city. (Verb) People pray to drive away evil spirits.

climb: (Noun) The climb to the hilltop was tiring. (Verb) The villagers climb the nearest hilltops.

spring: (Noun) Rongali Bihu is celebrated with the onset of spring. (Verb) New ideas spring from discussion.

 dress: (Noun) They wear traditional dresses. (Verb) Young men and women dress themselves in their best traditional attire for the dance.

name: (Noun) The North-East India is a collective name. (Verb) The Hornbill festival is named after the state's most admired bird.

group: (Noun) Nagaland consists of different groups of people. (Verb) Please group the festivals by state.

mark: (Noun) The celebration of Wangala is a mark of the end of hard work. (Verb) Bhogali Bihu marks the end of the harvest season.

help: (Noun) This will help them rise to a higher plane. (Verb) The community offered help to the visitors.

2. Complete the sentences using appropriate prepositions choosing from the box. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ବକ୍ସରୁ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ preposition ବାଛି ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରନ୍ତୁ ।)

 Ans: (i) India consists of 28 States and 9 Union Territories. (ii) The movie is based on a real life incident. (iv) She is blessed with good health. (v) Shall I add some sugar to your tea ? (vi) The camel is the only me of traportation in deserts. (vii) Safety rules prescribe precautions against fire. (Note: Question (iii) was missing from the provided text)

3. Complete the following sentences using the phrasal verbs appropriately (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ phrasal verbs ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରନ୍ତୁ ।) Ans: (i) Young men and women get in their best traditional attire . (ii) The festivals take place in the month of July . (iii) On this occasion, people discard the old to bring in the New Year . (iv) People pray the gods to drive away evil spirits . (v) The songs have been handed down through many generations . (vi) The celebration of these festivals is an effective means of preserving and passing down their oral history . (vii) Men clad in full warrior costumes show off their hunting and warring skills . (viii) People offer thanks to gods and ask for protection against calamities . (ix) These celebrations also help bring out the natural talent of people .

4. Put the following sentences into the passive without 'by-phrase'. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: 'by-phrase' ବିନା ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ passive ରେ ରଖନ୍ତୁ ।)

Ans: (i) Farmers grow grapes in Hyderabad.

 Ans: Grapes are grown in Hyderabad. (ii) Poachers kill a lot of wild animals every year.

 Ans: A lot of wild animals are killed every year. (iii) People make paper from pulp.

Ans: Paper is made from pulp. (iv) Someone broke the window.

Ans: The window was broken. / The window has been broken. (v) We should respect the elders.

Ans: The elders should be respected. (vi) Somebody stole her purse.

Ans: Her purse was stolen. / Her purse has been stolen. (vii) The police have arrested the miscreant.

 Ans: The miscreant has been arrested. (viii) My friend has eaten up all the grapes.

Ans: All the grapes have been eaten up.

5. Underline the non-finite clauses in the following sentences. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ non-finite clause ଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ କରନ୍ତୁ ।)

 Ans: (i) The pepa is a wind instrument   made of a buffalo horn (ii)  Lying farther north in the mountainous region of the Himalayas , Arunachal Pradesh is one of India's most remote picturesque locations. (iii) On this occasion, people clean their homes and discard the old  to bring in the New Year (iv) The villagers climb the nearest hill tops for they believe that this will help them  rise to higher plane in this life (v) The Spring Festival or Chapchar Kut is an important occasion,  mostly celebrated in Mizoram (vi) Men and women of all ages,  wearing traditional dresses and headgear , perform folk dances and sing traditional songs. (vii) Wangala or the Hundred-drum Festival is celebrated in November  to mark the end of hard work .

6. (a) Match the things under 'A' with the materials under 'B'. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: 'A' ତଳର ଜିନିଷଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ 'B' ତଳର ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ସହିତ ମେଳ କରନ୍ତୁ ।

6. (b) Now make sentences for each pair using 'made of' or 'made from'. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ 'made of' କିମ୍ବା 'made from' ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ଯୋଡି ପାଇଁ ବାକ୍ୟ ତିଆରି କରନ୍ତୁ ।) Ans: (i) Shoes are made of leather. (ii) Blankets are made of wool. (iii) Houses are made of bricks. (iv) Ice is made from water. (v) Shirts are made of cotton. (vi) Juice is made from fruit. (vii) Bread is made from flour. (viii) Statues are made of bronze. (ix) Gates are made of iron. (x) Chairs are made of wood. (xi) Cheese is made from milk. (xii) JeAns are made of denim.

(b) Use the information... and write a paragraph of 4 to 5 sentences on the festivals of each state. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସୂଚନା ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି... ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ରାଜ୍ୟର ପର୍ବଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଉପରେ ୪ ରୁ ୫ ଟି ବାକ୍ୟର ଏକ ଅନୁଚ୍ଛେଦ ଲେଖନ୍ତୁ ।) 

Ans: Assam: Assam celebrates three major festivals known as the Bihus. Rongali Bihu in April marks the New Year and sowing season with joyous dance. Kongali Bihu in October is a more somber time when people light lamps and pray for a good harvest. Finally, Bhogali Bihu in January is a thanksgiving festival celebrating the end of the harvest when barns are full.

Arunachal Pradesh: The people of this picturesque state celebrate several unique festivals. Losar is the New Year festival, where people clean their homes to welcome the new beginning. Mopin, the harvest festival of the Galo tribe, involves worshipping a goddess for prosperity and performing the Popir folk dance. Arunachal Pradesh also hosts the famous Ziro festival, an iconic outdoor music event.

Manipur: Manipur's festivals focus on strengthening social and spiritual bonds. Ningol Chakouba is a charming festival that renews the relationship between married daughters and their parents with a grand feast. Cheiraoba, the state's New Year festival in April, is marked by cleaning homes and a ritual of climbing the nearest hilltops, which is believed to help one rise to a higher plane in life.

Mizoram: In Mizoram, the most important occasion is the Chapchar Kut, celebrated as the Spring Festival. During this vibrant celebration, men and women of all ages wear their beautiful traditional dresses and headgear. They perform traditional folk dances and sing songs, with the festive air enhanced by the sound of drums, gongs, and cymbals.

Meghalaya: Meghalaya is home to the Garos, who celebrate the Wangala, or the Hundred-drum Festival. This is a major harvest festival celebrated in November to mark the end of a period of hard work. The celebration features the rhythmic beating of 100 drums, and a unique dance performed by men and women in two parallel lines.

Tripura: Tripura celebrates the unique Karachi Puja, a week-long festival in July held at old Agartala. The festival involves animal sacrifice and the worship of fourteen different gods as instructed by Lord Shiva. Thousands of people throng the state during this time to enjoy the many cultural programmes and fairs.

Nagaland: Nagaland's festivals are the soul of its culture and help preserve its oral history. The Moastu festival is celebrated after the sowing season, with people dancing in colourful clothes. The most famous is the Hornbill Festival, a 10-day event in December that showcases the cultural heritage of 16 different tribes through dance and sporting events.

Sikkim: Sikkim's festivals are celebrated with great pomp as per the Buddhist calendar. Saga Dawa commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and death of Lord Buddha. Losoong is the harvest festival celebrated with Chaam dances in colourful masks and archery contests. They also celebrate Losar (Tibetan New Year) and Tihaar, a festival of lights.

1. Write Answers to all questions under the activity- D. "Let's understand the text." (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: "D. Let's understand the text" କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକଳାପ ଅଧୀନରେ ଥିବା ସମସ୍ତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନର ଉତ୍ତର ଲେଖ ।) Ans: The Answers to all 58 questions from Section D are provided above.

2. You are going to celebrate a popular festival of your locality. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to visit your place on the occasion. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ତୁମେ ତୁମ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ଏକ ଲୋକପ୍ରିୟ ପର୍ବ ପାଳନ କରିବାକୁ ଯାଉଛ । ତୁମର ବନ୍ଧୁଙ୍କୁ ଏହି ଅବସରରେ ତୁମ ସ୍ଥାନକୁ ଆସିବାକୁ ନିମନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କରି ଏକ ଚିଠି ଲେଖ ।) Ans:

10, Saheed Nagar Bhubaneswar, Odisha October 20, 2025

Dear Rohan,

I hope this letter finds you in good health and high spirits. I am writing for a very special reason. As you know, Diwali, the festival of lights, is just a few weeks away, and we celebrate it with great joy here in my locality. I would be thrilled if you could come and visit my place during this time to celebrate with us.

We celebrate for three whole days. Our entire street is decorated with fairy lights and traditional clay diyas. On the main day, we have a Puja at home in the evening, after which the real fun begins! We all go out and light fireworks—rockets, sparklers, and flower pots. The sky looks absolutely magical. My mother prepares special sweets like Karanji and Rasgulla, and there is a huge fair (mela) that is set up in the nearby ground, with games, food stalls, and entertainment.

It’s a time of great fun and merry-making, and I am sure you would love the festive atmosphere. Please try to come. We would all be so happy to have you here.

Give my regards to your parents.

Your loving friend, Amit

K. Let's do this activity: (ଆସ ଏହି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକଳାପ କରିବା)

"Festivals of North-East India" is full of many interesting facts. Therefore, your teacher can organize and conduct a quiz activity on the topic... (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: "ଉତ୍ତର-ପୂର୍ବ ଭାରତର ପର୍ବଗୁଡ଼ିକ" ବହୁତ ମଜାଦାର ତଥ୍ୟରେ ପରିପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ । ତେଣୁ, ତୁମର ଶିକ୍ଷକ ଏହି ବିଷୟ ଉପରେ ଏକ କୁଇଜ୍ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକଳାପ ଆୟୋଜନ କରିପାରିବେ...) Ans: This section describes a quiz activity for the teacher to conduct in class, with sample questions and instructions . It does not contain questions for the student to Answer.