Answer the following questions in brief:

1. Who is the narrator of the story "From the Formalin Jar"? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: "ଫର୍ମାଲିନ୍ ଜାର୍ ରୁ" କାହାଣୀର ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନାକାରୀ କିଏ?)

 Ans:The narrator is a human brain, preserved as  in a formalin jar.

2. In what chemical solution is the brain preserved? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କଟି କେଉଁ ରାସାୟନିକ ଦ୍ରବଣରେ ସଂରକ୍ଷିତ ହୋଇ ରହିଛି?)

 Ans:The brain is preserved in formalin.

3. What name did the narrator have in his past life? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନାକାରୀ ତାଙ୍କ ପୂର୍ବ ଜୀବନରେ କେଉଁ ନାମରେ ପରିଚିତ ଥିଲେ?)

 Ans:In his past life, the narrator's name was Gopala Babu.

4. What was Gopala Babu's son's name? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗୋପାଳ ବାବୁଙ୍କ ପୁଅର ନାମ କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans:Gopala Babu's son's name was Suresh.

5. What number was the specimen given in the laboratory? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ପରୀକ୍ଷାଗାରରେ ନମୁନାଟିକୁ କେତେ ନମ୍ବର ଦିଆଯାଇଥିଲା?)

 Ans:The specimen was given the number .

6. What instrument did Suresh use to cut the brain? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କକୁ କାଟିବା ପାଇଁ ସୁରେଶ କେଉଁ ଯନ୍ତ୍ର ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିଥିଲା?)

 Ans:Suresh used a sharp scalpel to cut the brain.

7. What did Gopala Babu feel in his head just before he died? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗୋପାଳ ବାବୁ ମରିବାର ଠିକ୍ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ନିଜ ମୁଣ୍ଡରେ କ’ଣ ଅନୁଭବ କରିଥିଲେ?)

 Ans:He felt a "burning sensation" in his head.

8. What did Suresh remark about the specimen after cutting it? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ନମୁନାଟିକୁ କାଟିବା ପରେ ସୁରେଶ କ’ଣ ମନ୍ତବ୍ୟ ଦେଇଥିଲା?)

 Ans:Suresh remarked that the specimen was "very tough".

9. What does the narrator call the jar he is in? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନାକାରୀ ସେ ଥିବା ଜାର୍‌ଟିକୁ କ’ଣ ବୋଲି କହନ୍ତି?)

 Ans:The narrator calls it his "watery tomb".

10. Why did the narrator describe his existence as a "watery tomb"? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନାକାରୀ କାହିଁକି ତାଙ୍କ ଅସ୍ତିତ୍ୱକୁ "ଜଳମୟ ସମାଧି" ବୋଲି ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରିଛନ୍ତି?)

 Ans:He called it a "watery tomb" because he was dead to the world but still conscious, floating alone in the cold, dark formalin, much like being buried alive in a watery grave.

11. What kind of man was Gopala Babu in his life? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗୋପାଳ ବାବୁ ତାଙ୍କ ଜୀବନକାଳରେ କିପରି ଲୋକ ଥିଲେ?)

 Ans:Gopala Babu was a wealthy, influential, and arrogant man who was very proud of his status and looked down on others.

12. How did the medical students treat Specimen No. 35? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମେଡିକାଲ୍ ଛାତ୍ରମାନେ "ନମୁନା ନଂ ୩୫" ସହିତ କିପରି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରୁଥିଲେ?)

 Ans:The students treated it with clinical detachment, as a lifeless object for study, handling it roughly with instruments like forceps.

13. Why was the brain unable to communicate with the students? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କଟି ଛାତ୍ରମାନଙ୍କ ସହ କଥାବାର୍ତ୍ତା କରିବାରେ କାହିଁକି ଅସମର୍ଥ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans:The brain was unable to communicate because it was detached from its body and had no mouth, vocal cords, or limbs; it was only a preserved organ in a jar.

14. What were the brain's feelings when Suresh handled him? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯେତେବେଳେ ସୁରେଶ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଧରୁଥିଲା, ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କର ଭାବନା କ’ଣ ଥିଲା?)

 Ans:The brain felt a mix of longing (to be recognized by his son) and terror, as well as agonizing pain when Suresh handled him roughly with sharp forceps.

15. How did Gopala Babu's pride and wealth become useless to him? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗୋପାଳ ବାବୁଙ୍କ ଗର୍ବ ଏବଂ ସମ୍ପତ୍ତି ତାଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ କିପରି ଅଦରକାରୀ ହୋଇଗଲା?)

 Ans:His pride and wealth became useless when he had his sudden illness (stroke). They could not prevent his death, nor could they help him in the formalin jar.

16. What was Suresh doing when he cut the brain? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯେତେବେଳେ ସୁରେଶ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କକୁ କାଟିଲା, ସେ କ’ଣ କରୁଥିଲା?)

 Ans:Suresh, a medical student, was preparing for his examination by dissecting the brain specimen.

17. Why did the brain feel both longing and terror towards Suresh? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କଟି ସୁରେଶ ପ୍ରତି ଉଭୟ ଆକାଂକ୍ଷା ଏବଂ ଆତଙ୍କ କାହିଁକି ଅନୁଭବ କରୁଥିଲା?)

 Ans:The brain felt longing because Suresh was his beloved son whom he used to be proud of, but he felt terror because Suresh was the very student who handled him most, causing him agonizing pain with sharp instruments.

18. What was Gopala Babu most proud of in his past life? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗୋପାଳ ବାବୁ ତାଙ୍କ ପୂର୍ବ ଜୀବନରେ କେଉଁଥିପାଇଁ ସବୁଠାରୁ ବେଶୀ ଗର୍ବିତ ଥିଲେ?)

 Ans:He was most proud of his wealth, his high social status, and his son, Suresh.

19. How does the narrator describe his current state of helplessness? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନାକାରୀ ତାଙ୍କର ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନର ଅସହାୟ ସ୍ଥିତିକୁ କିପରି ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରନ୍ତି?)

 Ans:He describes it as being trapped in a "watery tomb", able to feel and remember but unable to move or scream, forced to endure the pain of dissection in silence.

20. What is the central irony of the story "From the Formalin Jar"? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: "ଫର୍ମାଲିନ୍ ଜାର୍ ରୁ" କାହାଣୀର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଡମ୍ବନା କ’ଣ?)

 Ans:The central irony is that Gopala Babu's own son, Suresh, whom he was so proud of, casually dissects his father's brain without knowing who it is.

21. What did the brain try to scream when Suresh cut him? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯେତେବେଳେ ସୁରେଶ ତାଙ୍କୁ କାଟିଲେ, ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କଟି କ’ଣ ଚିତ୍କାର କରିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କଲା?)

 Ans:The brain tried to scream, "Don't! I am your father, Gopala Babu!"

22. How does the story contrast the clinical detachment of science with human emotion? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଏହି କାହାଣୀ କିପରି ବିଜ୍ଞାନର ନିର୍ଲିପ୍ତତା ସହ ମାନବୀୟ ଭାବନାର ତୁଳନା କରେ?)

 Ans:The story contrasts the "clinical detachment" of the medical students, who see the brain as just a "tough" specimen, with the intense human emotion (pain, memory, love, despair) being experienced by the conscious brain itself.

23. What does the story suggest about human pride and vanity? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଏହି କାହାଣୀ ମଣିଷର ଗର୍ବ ଏବଂ ଅହଂକାର ବିଷୟରେ କ’ଣ ସୂଚନା ଦିଏ?)

 Ans:The story suggests that human pride and vanity, based on wealth and status, are ultimately useless and meaningless in the face of death and scientific objectivity.

24. Why did Suresh not recognize his own father's brain? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ସୁରେଶ କାହିଁକି ନିଜ ବାପାଙ୍କ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କକୁ ଚିହ୍ନି ପାରିଲା ନାହିଁ?)

 Ans:Suresh did not recognize it because to him, it was just "Specimen No. 35", a preserved organ in a lab for study. He had no way of knowing it was conscious or that it belonged to his father.

25. How is the title "From the Formalin Jar" appropriate for the story? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: "ଫର୍ମାଲିନ୍ ଜାର୍ ରୁ" ଶୀର୍ଷକଟି କାହାଣୀ ପାଇଁ କିପରି ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ?)

 Ans:The title is appropriate because the entire story is narrated from the perspective of the brain trapped inside the formalin jar, describing its tragic existence and memories "from" that container.

26. What does the brain mean when it feels "silent agony"? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଯେତେବେଳେ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ "ନୀରବ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା" ଅନୁଭବ କରେ, ଏହାର ଅର୍ଥ କ’ଣ?)

 Ans:It means the brain was experiencing extreme, unbearable pain from the scalpel, but because it had no body or mouth, its desperate screams could not be heard by anyone.

27. What is the difference between Gopala Babu's past and the brain's present? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗୋପାଳ ବାବୁଙ୍କ ଅତୀତ ଏବଂ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କର ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ପାର୍ଥକ୍ୟ କ’ଣ?)

 Ans:In the past, Gopala Babu was a wealthy, proud, and powerful man who was superior to others. In the present, his brain is a helpless, nameless specimen (No. 35) that is treated as an object.

28. What makes the final scene, where Suresh cuts the brain, so tragic? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଶେଷ ଦୃଶ୍ୟ, ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ସୁରେଶ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କକୁ କାଟେ, ତାହାକୁ କେଉଁ କଥା ଏତେ ଦୁଃଖଦ କରିଦିଏ?)

Ans:The scene is tragic because of the dramatic irony: the brain knows Suresh is his son and is screaming in pain, but Suresh is completely unaware and feels nothing, casually remarking that the specimen is "tough".

29. How does Gopala Babu's arrogance in life contrast with his state in death? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଜୀବନରେ ଗୋପାଳ ବାବୁଙ୍କ ଅହଂକାର ତାଙ୍କ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ପରର ଅବସ୍ଥା ସହ କିପରି ବିପରୀତ?)

 Ans:In life, he was an arrogant man who looked down on everyone. In death, he is a helpless object looked down upon (literally and figuratively) by students, and is even dissected by his own son.

30. What is the ultimate fate of the "proud man" Gopala Babu? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: "ଗର୍ବୀ ମଣିଷ" ଗୋପାଳ ବାବୁଙ୍କର ଶେଷ ପରିଣତି କ’ଣ ହେଲା?)

 Ans:His ultimate fate was to become , a preserved object in a jar, to be dissected by his own son, and to exist in a state of conscious, helpless despair.

Answer the following questions in about 50-70 words:

1.Describe Gopala Babu's life before his death and his attitude towards others. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗୋପାଳ ବାବୁଙ୍କ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ପୂର୍ବର ଜୀବନ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ପ୍ରତି ତାଙ୍କର ମନୋଭାବ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରନ୍ତୁ ।)

Ans:Before his death, Gopala Babu was a wealthy, influential, and powerful man. He was extremely arrogant and proud of his social status, his riches, and his son, Suresh. His pride made him look down on others, whom he considered inferior. He was a vain man whose identity was defined by his superiority over others. This all changed when he was struck by a sudden, fatal illness, which his wealth and status could not prevent.

2. Narrate the final climactic incident of the story, starting from when Suresh picks up the brain. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କାହାଣୀର ଅନ୍ତିମ ଚରମ ଦୃଶ୍ୟକୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରନ୍ତୁ, ଯେତେବେଳେ ସୁରେଶ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କକୁ ଉଠାଇଲା ।)

Ans:The climax occurs when Suresh, the brain's own son, prepares for his dissection exam. He picks up the brain (Specimen No. 35) with sharp, painful forceps. The brain, recognizing his son, is filled with a mix of terror and longing. Suresh then takes a sharp scalpel and casually cuts a piece from the specimen. The brain screams in silent, agonizing pain, trying to yell, "Don't! I am your father, Gopala Babu!" But Suresh, completely unaware, merely remarks to his friend that the specimen is "very tough" and then leaves, leaving his father's brain in complete despair.

3. Explain the narrator's feelings of helplessness and agony inside the formalin jar. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଫର୍ମାଲିନ୍ ଜାର୍ ଭିତରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନାକାରୀଙ୍କ ଅସହାୟତା ଏବଂ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣାର ଭାବନାକୁ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କରନ୍ତୁ ।)

 Ans:The narrator exists in a state of constant torment. He describes his jar as a "watery tomb", where he is cold and lonely. His helplessness is absolute: he retains his consciousness and memory, but he cannot move, speak, or communicate with the living world. This helplessness turns into agony when the students, especially his son Suresh, handle him. He feels the sharp, physical pain of the forceps and scalpel but his screams are "silent" and trapped, making his suffering unknown to his tormentors.

4. Compare Gopala Babu's life (as a proud man) with the brain's existence (as Specimen No. 35). (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ଗୋପାଳ ବାବୁଙ୍କ ଜୀବନ (ଜଣେ ଗର୍ବୀ ମଣିଷ ଭାବରେ) ସହିତ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କର ଅସ୍ତିତ୍ୱ

Ans:The contrast is the story's central tragedy. As Gopala Babu, the man was powerful, wealthy, and arrogant, defined by his name and high status. He was a subject of respect (or fear) and was superior to others. As Specimen No. 35, the brain is powerless, nameless, and valueless (except as a teaching tool). It is an "object" that is handled roughly, stored on a shelf, and looked down upon by students. The ultimate irony is that the man who was so proud is reduced to a thing dissected by the very son who was the source of his pride.

5. How did the brain (Gopala Babu) feel about his son Suresh, both in his past life and in the laboratory? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ (ଗୋପାଳ ବାବୁ) ତାଙ୍କ ପୁଅ ସୁରେଶ ବିଷୟରେ ତାଙ୍କ ପୂର୍ବ ଜୀବନରେ ଏବଂ ପରୀକ୍ଷାଗାରରେ କିପରି ଅନୁଭବ କରୁଥିଲେ?)

Ans:In his past life, Gopala Babu was immensely proud of his son, Suresh. Suresh was a key part of his father's vanity and status. In the laboratory, the brain's feelings for Suresh are a terrible mix of love and fear. He still recognizes Suresh as his son and feels a deep sense of longing. However, this is combined with terror and agony, because Suresh is the student who handles him most often and most roughly, using sharp instruments that cause him intense pain.

6. "The story is a powerful commentary on the vanity of human pride." Justify this statement with examples from the text. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: "ଏହି କାହାଣୀ ମଣିଷର ଗର୍ବର ଅସାରତା ଉପରେ ଏକ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ ମନ୍ତବ୍ୟ ।" ପାଠ୍ୟରୁ ଉଦାହରଣ ଦେଇ ଏହି ବକ୍ତବ୍ୟର ଯଥାର୍ଥତା ପ୍ରତିପାଦନ କରନ୍ତୁ ।)

Ans:This statement is entirely true. The story systematically destroys every aspect of Gopala Babu's pride.

1.      His pride in wealth was useless; it could not stop his "burning sensation" or prevent his death.

2.      His pride in his name and status is mocked in death; he is no longer "Gopala Babu" but "Specimen No. 35," an object.

3.      His pride in his superiority is inverted; he is now helpless, handled by students who are "laughing and talking" with complete detachment. The ultimate destruction of his vanity is when his son Suresh, the greatest source of his pride, fails to recognize him and treats him as a "tough" piece of meat, showing that his human identity and pride are completely meaningless.

7. Explain the central irony of the story. How does the author build this irony from the beginning to the end? (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ: କାହାଣୀର କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀୟ ବିଡମ୍ବନାକୁ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କରନ୍ତୁ । ଲେଖକ କିପରି ଆରମ୍ଭରୁ ଶେଷ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଏହି ବିଡମ୍ବନାକୁ ଗଢି ତୋଳିଛନ୍ତି?)

Ans:The central irony is that the source of Gopala Babu's greatest pride (his son) becomes the agent of his greatest humiliation and pain. The author builds this irony carefully. First, he establishes the narrator as a conscious, feeling brain. Second, he builds Gopala Babu's past, emphasizing his arrogance and his specific pride in his son, Suresh. Third, he places them in the same room, but Suresh is unaware. Fourth, he builds tension as Suresh, the only named student, handles the brain, causing "agonizing pain". The final, devastating irony is the climax, where the son dissects the father, and the father's silent scream of identity is met with Suresh's cold, scientific remark: "The specimen is very tough."