Instructions (English): Change the following sentences from Active Voice to Passive Voice. Instructions (Odia): ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କର୍ତ୍ତୃବାଚ୍ୟ (Active Voice) ରୁ କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟ (Passive Voice) କୁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରନ୍ତୁ।

1. Active: He writes a letter.

Passive: A letter is written by him. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ତାଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଏକ ଚିଠି ଲେଖାଯାଏ।)

2. Active: She is singing a song.

Passive: A song is being sung by her. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ତାଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଏକ ଗୀତ ଗାନ କରାଯାଉଛି।)

3. Active: They have finished the job.

Passive: The job has been finished by them. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: କାମଟି ସେମାନଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଶେଷ କରାଯାଇଛି।)

4. Active: The cat killed the mouse.

Passive: The mouse was killed by the cat. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ମୂଷାଟି ବିଲେଇ ଦ୍ୱାରା ମରାଯାଇଥିଲା।)

5. Active: The boy was flying a kite.

Passive: A kite was being flown by the boy. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ପିଲାଟି ଦ୍ୱାରା ଏକ ଗୁଡ଼ି ଉଡାଯାଉଥିଲା।)

6. Active: He had warned me.

Passive: I had been warned by him. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ମୋତେ ତାଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ସତର୍କ କରାଯାଇଥିଲା।)

7. Active: You must obey the rules.

Passive: The rules must be obeyed by you. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ନିୟମଗୁଡ଼ିକ ତୁମ ଦ୍ୱାରା ପାଳନ କରାଯିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ।)

8. Active: We will complete the task.

Passive: The task will be completed by us. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଟି ଆମ ଦ୍ୱାରା ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରାଯିବ।)

9. Active: Someone stole my pen yesterday.

Passive: My pen was stolen yesterday. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ମୋ କଲମଟି ଗତକାଲି ଚୋରି ହୋଇଗଲା।)

10. Active: The police arrested the thief.

Passive: The thief was arrested (by the police). (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଚୋରଟି (ପୋଲିସ୍ ଦ୍ୱାରା) ଗିରଫ ହେଲା।)

11. Active: My mother cleans this room every day.

Passive: This room is cleaned by my mother every day. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଏହି କୋଠରୀଟି ମୋ ମା'ଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ପ୍ରତିଦିନ ସଫା କରାଯାଏ।)

12. Active: We can solve this problem.

Passive: This problem can be solved by us. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଏହି ସମସ୍ୟାଟି ଆମ ଦ୍ୱାରା ସମାଧାନ କରାଯାଇପାରିବ।)

13. Active: He is going to build a house.

Passive: A house is going to be built by him. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ତାଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଏକ ଘର ତିଆରି ହେବାକୁ ଯାଉଛି।)

14. Active: Nobody has seen the wind.

Passive: The wind has not been seen (by anybody). (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ପବନ (କାହା ଦ୍ୱାରା) ଦେଖାଯାଇ ନାହିଁ।)

15. Active: You ought to respect your elders.

Passive: Your elders ought to be respected (by you). (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ତୁମ ଗୁରୁଜନମାନେ (ତୁମ ଦ୍ୱାରା) ସମ୍ମାନିତ ହେବା ଉଚିତ୍।)

16. Active: The principal will deliver a speech.

Passive: A speech will be delivered by the principal. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଅଧ୍ୟକ୍ଷଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଏକ ଭାଷଣ ଦିଆଯିବ।)

17. Active: He should have helped her.

Passive: She should have been helped by him. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ତାଙ୍କୁ ତା' ଦ୍ୱାରା ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରାଯିବା ଉଚିତ୍ ଥିଲା।)

18. Active: The masons are building the wall.

Passive: The wall is being built by the masons. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: କାନ୍ଥଟି ରାଜମିସ୍ତ୍ରୀମାନଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ତିଆରି କରାଯାଉଛି।)

19. Active: People speak English all over the world.

Passive: English is spoken all over the world. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ସାରା ବିଶ୍ୱରେ ଇଂରାଜୀ କୁହାଯାଏ।)

20. Active: She had already cooked the food.

Passive: The food had already been cooked by her. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଖାଦ୍ୟ ତାଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ପୂର୍ବରୁ ରାନ୍ଧ ସରିଥିଲା।)

🔄 Activity B: Transformation (Passive to Active)

Instructions (English): Change the following sentences from Passive Voice to Active Voice. Instructions (Odia): ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟ (Passive Voice) ରୁ କର୍ତ୍ତୃବାଚ୍ୟ (Active Voice) କୁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରନ୍ତୁ।

1. Passive: The letter was posted by me.

Active: I posted the letter. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ମୁଁ ଚିଠିଟି ପୋଷ୍ଟ କଲି।)

2. Passive: Rice is eaten in Odisha.

Active: People eat rice in Odisha. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଲୋକମାନେ ଓଡ଼ିଶାରେ ଭାତ ଖାଆନ୍ତି।)

3. Passive: The match is being watched by them.

Active: They are watching the match. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ସେମାନେ ମ୍ୟାଚ୍ ଦେଖୁଛନ୍ତି।)

4. Passive: This can be done by you.

Active: You can do this. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ତୁମେ ଏହା କରିପାରିବ।)

5. Passive: He has been invited to the party.

Active: We (or Someone) have invited him to the party. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଆମେ (କିମ୍ବା କେହି) ତାଙ୍କୁ ପାର୍ଟିକୁ ନିମନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କରିଛୁ।)

6. Passive: The car was being washed by the driver.

Active: The driver was washing the car. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଡ୍ରାଇଭର କାରଟିକୁ ଧୋଉଥିଲା।)

7. Passive: America was discovered by Columbus.

Active: Columbus discovered America. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: କଲମ୍ବସ୍ ଆମେରିକା ଆବିଷ୍କାର କରିଥିଲେ।)

8. Passive: He is known to me.

Active: I know him. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ମୁଁ ତାଙ୍କୁ ଜାଣେ।)

9. Passive: The thief was caught.

Active: The police caught the thief. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ପୋଲିସ୍ ଚୋରକୁ ଧରିଲା।)

10. Passive: The windows have been broken.

Active: Someone has broken the windows. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: କେହି ଜଣେ ଝରକାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଭାଙ୍ଗି ଦେଇଛି।)

11. Passive: The patient was taken to the hospital.

Active: They (or People) took the patient to the hospital. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ସେମାନେ (କିମ୍ବା ଲୋକମାନେ) ରୋଗୀଙ୍କୁ ଡାକ୍ତରଖାନା ନେଇଗଲେ।)

12. Passive: A new road is going to be built.

Active: The government is going to build a new road. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ସରକାର ଏକ ନୂଆ ରାସ୍ତା ତିଆରି କରିବାକୁ ଯାଉଛନ୍ତି।)

13. Passive: The work should be finished today.

Active: You (or We) should finish the work today. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ତୁମେ (କିମ୍ବା ଆମେ) ଆଜି କାମଟି ସାରିବା ଉଚିତ୍।)

14. Passive: The bill will be paid by my father.

Active: My father will pay the bill. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ମୋ ବାପା ବିଲ୍ ଦେବେ।)

15. Passive: The bridge had been repaired by the workers.

Active: The workers had repaired the bridge. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଶ୍ରମିକମାନେ ପୋଲଟିକୁ ମରାମତି କରିଥିଲେ।)

✏️ Activity C: Error Correction

Instructions (English): Find the error in the following sentences and rewrite them correctly. Instructions (Odia): ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ଥିବା ଭୁଲକୁ ଖୋଜି ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସଠିକ୍ ଭାବରେ ପୁନର୍ଲିଖନ କରନ୍ତୁ।

1. Incorrect: The tree cut down yesterday.

Correct: The tree was cut down yesterday. (ଭୁଲ୍: 'was' ନାହିଁ)

2. Incorrect: English is speak all over the world.

Correct: English is spoken all over the world. (ଭୁଲ୍: 'speak' ବଦଳରେ 'spoken' ହେବ)

3. Incorrect: The work has being done.

Correct: The work has been done. (ଭୁଲ୍: 'being' ବଦଳରେ 'been' ହେବ)

4. Incorrect: A car is had by me.

Correct: I have a car. (Passive form is incorrect) (ଭୁଲ୍: 'have' କ୍ରିୟାର ଏହିପରି passive ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ)

5. Incorrect: He was resembled by his father.

Correct: He resembled his father. (Passive form is incorrect) (ଭୁଲ୍: 'resemble' କ୍ରିୟାର passive ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ)

6. Incorrect: The house painting now.

Correct: The house is being painted now. (ଭୁଲ୍: 'is being' ନାହିଁ)

7. Incorrect: The child was went to school.

Correct: The child went to school. (Intransitive verb) (ଭୁଲ୍: 'go' ଏକ intransitive କ୍ରିୟା, ଏହାର passive ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ)

8. Incorrect: He was punish by the teacher.

Correct: He was punished by the teacher. (ଭୁଲ୍: 'punish' ବଦଳରେ 'punished' ହେବ)

9. Incorrect: The letter has wrote by him.

Correct: The letter has been written by him. (ଭୁଲ୍: 'been' ନାହିଁ)

10. Incorrect: I am not known by him.

Correct: I am not known to him. (Or Active: He does not know me.) (ଭୁଲ୍: 'by' ବଦଳରେ 'to' ହେବ)

📝 Activity D: Fill in the Blanks (Verb Form)

Instructions (English): Fill in the blanks with the correct passive form of the verb given in brackets. Instructions (Odia): ବନ୍ଧନୀରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା କ୍ରିୟାର ସଠିକ୍ passive ରୂପ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।

1. The window was broken (break) by the boys yesterday.
2. A new song is being sung (sing) by her now.
3. This room is cleaned (clean) every day.
4. This work must be finished (finish) by tomorrow.
5. My pen has been stolen (steal).
6. Lunch was being cooked (cook) when I arrived.
7. The results will be published (publish) next week.
8. The patient had been taken (take) to hospital before the doctor came.
9. Gitanjali was written (write) by Tagore.
10. Oranges are grown (grow) in Nagpur.

❓ Activity E: Interrogative Passives

Instructions (English): Change the following questions into the Passive Voice. Instructions (Odia): ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟ (Passive Voice) ରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରନ୍ତୁ।

1. Active: Did he write this letter?

Passive: Was this letter written by him?

2. Active: Why did she break the glass?

Passive: Why was the glass broken by her?

3. Active: Is he painting the house?

Passive: Is the house being painted by him?

4. Active: Who taught you English?

Passive: By whom were you taught English? (Or: Who were you taught English by?)

5. Active: Have they finished the work?

Passive: Has the work been finished by them?

6. Active: What did you buy?

Passive: What was bought by you?

7. Active: Can anyone do this sum?

Passive: Can this sum be done (by anyone)?

8. Active: When will they announce the results?

Passive: When will the results be announced?

9. Active: Was he helping you?

Passive: Were you being helped by him?

10. Active: Who wrote the Mahabharata?

Passive: By whom was the Mahabharata written?

🧩 Activity F: Advanced Passives (Special Cases)

Instructions (English): Transform the following sentences into the passive as directed. Instructions (Odia): ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ ଅନୁଯାୟୀ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ passive ରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରନ୍ତୁ।

1. Active: He gave me a pen. (Start with 'I')

Passive: I was given a pen by him.

2. Active: He gave me a pen. (Start with 'A pen')

Passive: A pen was given to me by him.

3. Active: People say that he is a spy. (Start with 'It...')

Passive: It is said that he is a spy.

4. Active: People say that he is a spy. (Start with 'He...')

Passive: He is said to be a spy.

5. Active: They believe he was a great king. (Start with 'He...')

Passive: He is believed to have been a great king.

6. Active: I saw him cross the road. (Start with 'He...')

Passive: He was seen to cross the road by me.

7. Active: The teacher made the students stand up. (Start with 'The students...')

Passive: The students were made to stand up by the teacher.

8. Active: The room needs painting. (Rewrite with a passive infinitive)

Passive: The room needs to be painted.

9. Active: They elected him president. (Start with 'He...')

Passive: He was elected president.

10. Active: My father promised me a watch. (Start with 'I...')

Passive: I was promised a watch by my father.

👥 Activity G: The by-agent (Omission/Inclusion)

Instructions (English): Transform the following sentences into the passive. Decide if the 'by-agent' is necessary to include. Instructions (Odia): ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ passive ରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରନ୍ତୁ। 'by-agent' (କର୍ତ୍ତା) କୁ ରଖିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ କି ନୁହେଁ ତାହା ସ୍ଥିର କରନ୍ତୁ।

1. Active: Someone has stolen my wallet.

Passive: My wallet has been stolen. (Agent is omitted - unknown) (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ମୋ ୱାଲେଟ୍ ଚୋରି ହୋଇଯାଇଛି।)

2. Active: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.

Passive: Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. (Agent is included - important) (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: 'ହାମ୍ଲେଟ୍' ଶେକ୍ସପିୟରଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଲେଖାଯାଇଥିଲା।)

3. Active: The police arrested the robber.

Passive: The robber was arrested. (Agent is omitted - obvious) (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଡକାୟତ ଗିରଫ ହେଲା।)

4. Active: My mother is cooking dinner.

Passive: Dinner is being cooked. (Agent is omitted - unimportant) (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ରାତ୍ରୀ ଭୋଜନ ରାନ୍ଧା ଯାଉଛି।)

5. Active: Marconi invented the radio.

Passive: The radio was invented by Marconi. (Agent is included - important) (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ରେଡିଓ ମାର୍କୋନିଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଉଦ୍ଭାବିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା।)

6. Active: People will soon forget this.

Passive: This will soon be forgotten. (Agent is omitted - vague/obvious) (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଏହା ଶୀଘ୍ର ଭୁଲି ହୋଇଯିବ।)

7. Active: The storm damaged the crops.

Passive: The crops were damaged by the storm. (Agent is included - specific information) (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଫସଲଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଝଡ଼ ଦ୍ୱାରା ନଷ୍ଟ ହୋଇଗଲା।)

8. Active: They are repairing the road.

Passive: The road is being repaired. (Agent is omitted - unimportant) (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ରାସ୍ତାଟି ମରାମତି କରାଯାଉଛି।)

9. Active: A dog bit the boy.

Passive: The boy was bitten by a dog. (Agent is included - specific information) (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ପିଲାଟିକୁ ଏକ କୁକୁର କାମୁଡ଼ି ଦେଲା।)

10. Active: They cancelled the flight.

Passive: The flight was cancelled. (Agent is omitted - unimportant) (ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଉଡାଣଟି ବାତିଲ୍ କରାଗଲା।)