Instructions (English): Underline the non-finite verbs in the following sentences.

Instructions (Odia): ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ଥିବା ଅସମାପିକା କ୍ରିୟା (non-finite verbs) ଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ କରନ୍ତୁ।

(a) He has been answering questions.

(b) They must have finished doing their homework.

(c) She may have been helped by her brother.

(d) You should have been studying English Grammar more thoroughly.

(e) The film must have been screened by now.

✍️ Activity 2

Instructions (English): Break the following sentences into two simple sentences each.

Instructions (Odia): ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଦୁଇଟି ଲେଖାଏଁ ସରଳ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ବିଭକ୍ତ କରନ୍ତୁ।

(a) I want my friend to get the medal.

Answer: I want (something). My friend will get the medal.

(b) She helped me do the exercise.

Answer: She helped me. I did the exercise.

(c) I hate telling lies.

Answer: I hate (something). I tell lies.

(d) I expect to write a story by tomorrow.

Answer: I expect (something). I will write a story by tomorrow.

(e) I expect you to write a story by tomorrow.

Answer: I expect (something). You will write a story by tomorrow.

(f) Our teacher made us write the story.

Answer: Our teacher made us (do something). We wrote the story.

✍️ Activity 3

Instructions (English): What are the functions of the non-finite verb clauses in the following sentences? [The functions are: subject, object, complement, adjunct]

Instructions (Odia): ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ଥିବା non-finite verb clause ଗୁଡ଼ିକର କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କ’ଣ? [କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ହେଲା: କର୍ତ୍ତା (subject), କର୍ମ (object), ପୂରକ (complement), adjunct]

✍️ Activity 4

Instructions (English): Complete the following sentences by adding a non-finite clause using the words given in the brackets.

Instructions (Odia): ବନ୍ଧନୀରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ଏକ non-finite clause ଯୋଗ କରି ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।

(a) They made ___________ (I/do/it)

Answer: They made me do it.

(b) The gardener won't let ___________ (they/touch/the flowers)

Answer: The gardener won't let them touch the flowers.

(c) We heard ___________ (the beggar/curse/the rude boys)

Answer: We heard the beggar curse the rude boys.

(d) The clerk doesn't allow ___________ (anyone/see/the files)

Answer: The clerk doesn't allow anyone to see the files.

(e) Please remind ___________ (he/write/the letter)

Answer: Please remind him to write the letter.

✍️ Activity 5

Instructions (English): Complete the following sentences using the non-finite verbs given in brackets. Some of these non-finite verbs may go with a noun phrase of your choice.

Instructions (Odia): ବନ୍ଧନୀରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା non-finite verbs ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରନ୍ତୁ। ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ସ୍ଥଳେ ଆପଣ ଏକ noun phrase ବ୍ୟବହାର କରିପାରନ୍ତି।

(a) The teacher doesn't let ___________ (make) a noise in the class.

Answer: The teacher doesn't let us make a noise in the class.

(b) I would like ___________ (meet) my uncle.

Answer: I would like to meet my uncle.

(c) Hot weather makes ___________ (feel) uncomfortable.

Answer: Hot weather makes me feel uncomfortable.

(d) Please remind ___________ (phone) Ashok tomorrow.

Answer: Please remind me to phone Ashok tomorrow.

(e) The film was very sad. It made ___________ (cry).

Answer: It made us cry.

(f) Lata's parents have always encouraged ___________ (study).

Answer: Lata's parents have always encouraged her to study.

(g) He would like ___________ (come) to the party.

Answer: He would like to come to the party.

✍️ Activity 6

Instructions (English): Fill in the blanks with to + verb, ∅ + verb (bare infinitive), or verb-ing.

Instructions (Odia): to + verb, ∅ + verb (bare infinitive), କିମ୍ବା verb-ing ଦ୍ୱାରା ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।

(a) I enjoy ________ (play) on the river bank.

Answer: playing

(b) Where do you want ________ (go)?

Answer: to go

(c) I learnt ________ (swim) when I was eight years old.

Answer: to swim

(d) I am trying ________ (study). Please stop ________ (talk).

Answer: to study ... talking

(e) I don't mind ________ (travel) by bus but I prefer ________ (travel) by train.

Answer: travelling ... to travel

(f) She would not let me ________ (read) the letter.

Answer: read

(g) Good bye. I hope ________ (see) you soon.

Answer: to see

✍️ Activity 7

Instructions (English): Fill in the blanks with to + verb or ∅ + verb (bare infinitive), using the verbs given in the list. [climb, do, go, cry, clean, come, walk, laugh, sleep, hear]

Instructions (Odia): [climb, do, go, cry, clean, come, walk, laugh, sleep, hear] ତାଲିକାରୁ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ କ୍ରିୟା ବାଛି to + verb କିମ୍ବା ∅ + verb (bare infinitive) ଦ୍ୱାରା ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।

(a) He is very funny. He makes me ________.

Answer: laugh

(b) Please stay with me. I don't want you ________.

Answer: to go

(c) Do you want to go on a bicycle? No, let's ________.

Answer: walk

(d) Don't wake up tomorrow morning. Let me ________ for some more time.

Answer: sleep

(e) I helped my brother ________ his room.

Answer: clean (or to clean)

(f) Talk quietly. I don't want anybody ________ us.

Answer: to hear

(g) We persuaded our teacher ________ with us.

Answer: to come

(h) I saw him ________ over the wall.

Answer: climb

✍️ Activity 8

Instructions (English): Read the following sentences and the hints are given in the brackets. Write another sentence with a related meaning using the hints given.

Instructions (Odia): ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଏବଂ ବନ୍ଧନୀରେ ଥିବା ସୂଚନାକୁ ପଢନ୍ତୁ। ସୂଚନା ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ସମାନ ଅର୍ଥବୋଧକ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ବାକ୍ୟ ଲେଖନ୍ତୁ।

(a) (Example) Please don't tell anyone that I have been punished. (I/not/want/anyone/know)

Answer: I don't want anyone to know about it.

(b) I was sure that Ashok would help me. (I/had/asked/him/help me)

Answer: I had asked him to help me.

(c) "Don't touch that wire", the man said to me. (man/told/not/touch)

Answer: The man told me not to touch that wire.

(d) My father said that I could use his watch. (Father/allow/use/his watch)

Answer: Father allowed me to use his watch.

(e) He told me that it would be good if I told the police about this accident. (He/advise/report/to the police)

Answer: He advised me to report this accident to the police.

(f) There is a football match between Mohan Bagan and East Bengal. (You/want/East Bengal/win?)

Answer: Do you want East Bengal to win?

✍️ Activity 9

Instructions (English): Put the verb given in brackets in the proper form, by using to + verb, ∅ + verb (bare infinitive) or verb-ing, whichever is appropriate.

Instructions (Odia): ବନ୍ଧନୀରେ ଥିବା କ୍ରିୟାକୁ to + verb, ∅ + verb (bare infinitive) କିମ୍ବା verb-ing ର ସଠିକ୍ ରୂପରେ ଲେଖନ୍ତୁ।

(a) When you see Mr. Dash, remember ________ (give) him my regards.

Answer: to give

(b) I hate ________ (reach) the station late.

Answer: reaching

(c) I prefer ________ (be) alone.

Answer: to be

(d) I prefer ______ (remain) silent in this case.

Answer: to remain

(e) I hate ________ (tell) lies.

Answer: telling

(f) Don't forget ________ (post) the letter.

Answer: to post

(g) Can you ever forget ________ (post) that important letter without any postage on it?

Answer: posting