A phrasal verb is a verb combined with an adverb particle or a preposition. This combination often creates a new meaning that is different from the original verb.

(Odia: Phrasal Verb (ରୂଢ଼ କ୍ରିୟା) ହେଉଛି ଏକ କ୍ରିୟା ଯାହା ଏକ adverb particle (କ୍ରିୟା ବିଶେଷଣ) କିମ୍ବା preposition (ଅବ୍ୟୟ) ସହିତ ମିଶି ତିଆରି ହୋଇଥାଏ । ଏହି ମିଶ୍ରଣ ଏକ ନୂତନ ଅର୍ଥ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରେ ।)

• Example 1: look up
• Meaning: To search for (in a dictionary).
• Sentence: The child looked up the word in the dictionary.
• Example 2: look at
• Meaning: To gaze at.
• Sentence: Sayapatri and Sukumar looked at each other.

Note: At this level, all combinations (phrasal, prepositional, and phrasal-prepositional) are referred to simply as phrasal verbs.

2. Understanding Meanings (ଅର୍ଥ ବୁଝିବା)

The meaning of a phrasal verb can be either transparent or idiomatic.

1. Transparent (Literal) Meaning: (ସହଜ ବା ଆକ୍ଷରିକ ଅର୍ଥ)
• The meaning is easy to understand from the verb and the particle.
• Example: "Prices have come down." (Meaning: decreased)
2. Idiomatic Meaning: (ରୂଢ଼ିଗତ ଅର୍ଥ)
• The meaning is completely different from the individual words.
• Example 1: "Our request was turned down." (Meaning: rejected)
• Example 2: "Lisa and Misa have fallen out." (Meaning: quarrelled)

3. Transitive and Intransitive Phrasal Verbs (ସକର୍ମକ ଏବଂ ଅକର୍ମକ କ୍ରିୟା)

Like ordinary verbs, phrasal verbs can be transitive (requiring an object) or intransitive (no object).

• Intransitive (ଅକର୍ମକ): Does not have an object.
• (Odia: ଏମାନଙ୍କର କର୍ମ (object) ନଥାଏ ।)
• Example: My car has broken down.
• Example: The plane took off late.
• Transitive (ସକର୍ମକ): Must have an object.
• (Odia: ଏମାନଙ୍କର କର୍ମ (object) ଥାଏ ।)
• Example: We have set up a school.
• Example: Would you please turn on the light?
• Used as Both (ଉଭୟ): Some verbs can be used both ways, sometimes with a change in meaning.
• Example 1 (Intransitive): His patience gave out. (Meaning: became exhausted)
• Example 1 (Transitive): The teacher gave out the books. (Meaning: distribute)
• Example 2 (Intransitive): The whole town turned out. (Meaning: came out)
• Example 2 (Transitive): This factory turns out two hundred cars a week. (Meaning: produce)

4. Separable vs. Inseparable Verbs (ବିଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନ ଏବଂ ଅବିଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନ କ୍ରିୟା)

This rule applies only to transitive phrasal verbs.

• Inseparable (ଅବିଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନ): The verb and the particle cannot be separated by the object. These are often verbs followed by a preposition.
• (Odia: କ୍ରିୟା ଏବଂ particle କୁ ଅଲଗା କରାଯାଇପାରିବ ନାହିଁ ।)
• Example: The police are looking into the matter.
• Incorrect: *The police are looking the matter into.*
• Example: I depend on you. (NS - Not Separable)
• Separable (ବିଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନ): The object can come between the verb and the particle.
• (Odia: କର୍ମ (object) କ୍ରିୟା ଏବଂ particle ମଝିରେ ଆସିପାରେ ।)
• Example 1: He turned off the light.
• Example 2: He turned the light off. (Both are correct)

The Pronoun Rule (ସର୍ବନାମ ନିୟମ)

This is the most important rule for separable verbs.

If the object is a pronoun (me, you, him, her, it, them, us), it MUST go between the verb and the particle.

(Odia: ଯଦି କର୍ମ (object) ଏକ ସର୍ବନାମ (pronoun) ହୁଏ, ତେବେ ଏହା ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ଭାବରେ କ୍ରିୟା ଏବଂ particle ମଝିରେ ରହିବ ।)

• Correct: We saw them off.
• Incorrect: *We saw off them.*
• Correct: Can you pick them out?
• Incorrect: *Can you pick out them?*

5. Common Phrasal Verbs (ସାଧାରଣ ରୂଢ଼ କ୍ରିୟା)