Let us do these activities before we read. (Page 49)

I. Work in pairs. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.

(ଯୋଡ଼ି ହୋଇ କାମ କରନ୍ତୁ। ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଉତ୍ତର ସହପାଠୀ ଏବଂ ଶିକ୍ଷକଙ୍କ ସହ ବାଣ୍ଟନ୍ତୁ।)

Question 1 : What do you think about the Republic Day Parade on 26 January?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ୨୬ ଜାନୁଆରୀ ସାଧାରଣତନ୍ତ୍ର ଦିବସ ପରେଡ୍ ବିଷୟରେ ଆପଣ କ'ଣ ଭାବୁଛନ୍ତି?)

Answer: India became a Republic on 26 January 1950. To commemorate this day, Republic Day is celebrated every year on 26 January. A parade is held at Rajpath, New Delhi, to celebrate this event. The President of India hoists the National Flag.

Question 2 ✨: What are the highlights of this parade?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହି ପରେଡର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଆକର୍ଷଣ ଗୁଡ଼ିକ କ'ଣ?)

Answer: A foreign dignitary is invited to be a guest during the Republic Day parade. A march past is done by the armed forces. Many states display their floats during the parade.

Question 3 🎖️: What bravery awards are given on this day, and who receives them?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହି ଦିନ କେଉଁ ବୀରତ୍ୱ ପୁରସ୍କାର ଦିଆଯାଏ ଏବଂ କିଏ ଏହାକୁ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରନ୍ତି?)

Answer: The awards given on Republic Day are: Param Vir Chakra, Mahavir Chakra, Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra and Shaurya Chakra. The personnel of armed forces receive them.

II. Work in groups of four and discuss.

(ଚାରି ଜଣିଆ ଦଳରେ ବିଚାର ବିମର୍ଶ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

Question 1 🛡️: What qualities do you think a soldier should have?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଜଣେ ସୈନିକର କେଉଁ ଗୁଣ ରହିବା ଉଚିତ୍ ବୋଲି ଆପଣ ଭାବୁଛନ୍ତି?)

Answer: A good soldier needs a combination of courage, discipline, and adaptability to succeed in the military.

Question 2 💌: If you had to share a message with a soldier, what would it be?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଯଦି ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଜଣେ ସୈନିକଙ୍କୁ ଏକ ବାର୍ତ୍ତା ଦେବାକୁ ପଡେ, ତେବେ ତାହା କ'ଣ ହେବ?)

Answer: I would like to tell a soldier that all people of our country love and respect him/her for his/her willingness to sacrifice his/her life for the sake of the country. They are backed by the prayers of the whole country.

⏱️ Let us discuss (Page 59)

I. Arrange the following events in chronological order. The first and the last events have been marked for you. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ଘଟଣାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କାଳାନୁକ୍ରମିକ (ସମୟ କ୍ରମରେ) ସଜାନ୍ତୁ। ପ୍ରଥମ ଏବଂ ଶେଷ ଘଟଣାଟି ଆପଣଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଚିହ୍ନିତ କରାଯାଇଛି।)

.1. Major Somnath Sharma was born in 1923 in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. (1) (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମା ୧୯୨୩ ମସିହାରେ ହିମାଚଳ ପ୍ରଦେଶର କାଙ୍ଗଡ଼ାରେ ଜନ୍ମଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଥିଲେ।)

.2. Even after losing Major Somnath Sharma, the soldiers fought bravely to save Srinagar for India. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମାଙ୍କୁ ହରାଇବା ପରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସୈନିକମାନେ ଭାରତ ପାଇଁ ଶ୍ରୀନଗରକୁ ରକ୍ଷା କରିବାକୁ ବୀରତ୍ୱର ସହ ଲଢ଼ିଥିଲେ।)

3. The D Company, under the command of Major Somnath Sharma, was flown into Srinagar. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମାଙ୍କ ନେତୃତ୍ୱରେ 'ଡି' (D) କମ୍ପାନୀକୁ ବିମାନ ଯୋଗେ ଶ୍ରୀନଗର ନିଆଯାଇଥିଲା।)

4. Major Somnath Sharma underwent training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମା ସାଣ୍ଡହର୍ଷ୍ଟସ୍ଥିତ ରୟାଲ ମିଲିଟାରୀ କଲେଜରେ ପ୍ରଶିକ୍ଷଣ ନେଇଥିଲେ।)

5.Major Somnath Sharma requested air strikes to combat the enemy at Badgam. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମା ବଡ଼ଗାମ୍‌ରେ ଶତ୍ରୁମାନଙ୍କୁ ମୁକାବିଲା କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଏୟାର ଷ୍ଟ୍ରାଇକ୍ (ବିମାନ ଆକ୍ରମଣ) ପାଇଁ ଅନୁରୋଧ କରିଥିଲେ।)

6. Major Somnath Sharma was commissioned into the 19th Hyderabad Regiment in 1942. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମା ୧୯୪୨ ମସିହାରେ ୧୯ତମ ହାଇଦ୍ରାବାଦ ରେଜିମେଣ୍ଟରେ ନିଯୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇଥିଲେ।)

7. Major Somnath Sharma was killed immediately after a mortar shell hit him. (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏକ ମୋର୍ଟାର ସେଲ୍ ବାଜିବାର ତୁରନ୍ତ ପରେ ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମା ସହିଦ ହୋଇଥିଲେ।)

8. Major Somnath Sharma was the first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra. (8) (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମା ପରମ ବୀର ଚକ୍ରର ପ୍ରଥମ ବିଜେତା ଥିଲେ।)

Answer:

1. → 4. → 6. → 3. → 5. → 7. → 2. → 8.

🤔 Let us think and reflect (Pages 59-61)

I. Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. 📖

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ଉଦ୍ଧୃତାଂଶଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପଢ଼ନ୍ତୁ ଏବଂ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ।)

1. Vastly outnumbered and facing devastating fire, Major Somnath Sharma and his men stood resolute. The air was thick with the sound of gunfire and the cries of battle, but Major Somnath Sharma’s voice cut through the chaos, urging his men to fight with tenacity and valour. Despite heavy casualties and his own injuries, Major Somnath Sharma displayed unparalleled bravery. He moved fearlessly through the battlefield, directing fire, filling magazines for his gunners, and encouraging his men to hold their ground.

Odia Translation (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ):

ଶତ୍ରୁଙ୍କ ତୁଳନାରେ ସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ଖୁବ୍ କମ୍ ଥାଇ ଏବଂ ଭୟଙ୍କର ଗୁଳିମାଡ଼ର ସମ୍ମୁଖୀନ ହୋଇ ମଧ୍ୟ ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମା ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କର ସୈନିକମାନେ ଦୃଢ଼ତାର ସହ ଅଟଳ ରହିଥିଲେ। 🛡️ ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳ ବନ୍ଧୁକ ଗୁଳିର ଶବ୍ଦ ଏବଂ ଯୁଦ୍ଧର ଆର୍ତ୍ତନାଦରେ ପ୍ରକମ୍ପିତ ହେଉଥିଲା, କିନ୍ତୁ ସେହି କୋଳାହଳ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମାଙ୍କ ସ୍ୱର ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଶୁଭୁଥିଲା, ଯାହା ତାଙ୍କ ସୈନିକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଦୃଢ଼ତା ଏବଂ ବୀରତ୍ୱର ସହ ଲଢ଼ିବାକୁ ଉତ୍ସାହିତ କରୁଥିଲା। 🗣️⚔️

ବହୁସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ସୈନିକ ମୃତାହତ ହେବା ଏବଂ ନିଜେ ଆହତ ହୋଇଥିବା ସତ୍ତ୍ୱେ ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମା ଅତୁଳନୀୟ ବୀରତ୍ୱ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କରିଥିଲେ। 🩸 ମେସିନ୍ ଗନ୍ ଚାଳକମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ମାଗାଜିନ୍ ଭର୍ତ୍ତି କରିବାକୁ, ଆକ୍ରମଣର ଦିଗ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ କରିବାକୁ ଏବଂ ପଛଘୁଞ୍ଚା ନଦେଇ ନିଜ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଦୃଢ଼ ରହିବା ପାଇଁ ନିଜ ସୈନିକମାନଙ୍କୁ ଉତ୍ସାହିତ କରିବାକୁ ସେ ନିର୍ଭୟରେ ରଣକ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଘୁରି ବୁଲୁଥିଲେ। 🏃‍♂️💣

(i) ❓ What can be inferred about the conditions from the line: 'The air was thick with gunfire…'?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: 'ବାୟୁମଣ୍ଡଳ ବନ୍ଧୁକ ଗୁଳିର ଶବ୍ଦରେ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଥିଲା...' ଧାଡ଼ିରୁ ସେଠାକାର ପରିସ୍ଥିତି ବିଷୟରେ କ'ଣ ଅନୁମାନ କରାଯାଇପାରିବ?)

A. The gunshots had stopped for a while.

B. There was intense fighting on the battlefield.

C. The invaders were retreating from the fight.

D. The Indian soldiers had achieved victory.

Answer: B. There was intense fighting on the battlefield.

(ii) ❓ Complete the sentence with a suitable reason.

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏକ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ କାରଣ ସହିତ ବାକ୍ୟଟି ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

Despite heavy casualties, Major Somnath Sharma continued to lead his men because __________.

Answer: he was deeply committed to his duty and wanted to inspire his soldiers to fight with courage and determination.

(iii) ❓ Select the correct option for both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) given below:

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ନିମ୍ନରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ଦାବି (A) ଏବଂ କାରଣ (R) ପାଇଁ ସଠିକ୍ ବିକଳ୍ପ ବାଛନ୍ତୁ।)

(A): Major Somnath Sharma moved fearlessly through the battlefield, even though he was injured.

(R): He believed his courage was important to motivate the soldiers.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.

D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

(iv) ❓ Fill in the blank with the correct word from those given in the brackets:

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ବ୍ରାକେଟରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ସଠିକ୍ ଶବ୍ଦ ସହିତ ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

Major Somnath Sharma was filling magazines, and encouraging his men to hold their ground despite __________ (injuries/worry)

Answer: injuries

2. Born on 31 January 1923, in the picturesque town of Dadh in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, Somnath Sharma belonged to a family with a rich military legacy. His father, Major General Amar Nath Sharma, had served the nation with distinction, and young Somnath was deeply inspired by the valorous tales of the Mahabharata, imparted to him by his grandfather.

Odia Translation (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ):

୨. ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମା ୩୧ ଜାନୁଆରୀ ୧୯୨୩ ମସିହାରେ ହିମାଚଳ ପ୍ରଦେଶର କାଙ୍ଗଡ଼ା ସ୍ଥିତ ଦାଢ଼ ନାମକ ଏକ ମନୋରମ ସହରରେ, ଏକ ସମୃଦ୍ଧ ସାମରିକ ପରମ୍ପରା (ସୈନ୍ୟବାହିନୀରେ ସେବା କରିବାର ଐତିହ୍ୟ) ଥିବା ପରିବାରରେ ଜନ୍ମଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଥିଲେ। 🏞️ ତାଙ୍କ ପିତା ମେଜର ଜେନେରାଲ୍ ଅମର ନାଥ ଶର୍ମା ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଗୌରବର ସହ ଦେଶର ସେବା କରିଥିଲେ ଏବଂ ବାଳକ ସୋମନାଥ ତାଙ୍କ ଜେଜେବାପାଙ୍କଠାରୁ ଶୁଣିଥିବା ମହାଭାରତର ବୀରତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କାହାଣୀଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଗଭୀର ଭାବରେ ଅନୁପ୍ରାଣିତ ହୋଇଥିଲେ। ⚔️📖

(i) ❓ What can be inferred about Somnath Sharma’s early influences on his career?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମାଙ୍କ କ୍ୟାରିଅର୍ ଉପରେ ତାଙ୍କର ପ୍ରାରମ୍ଭିକ ପ୍ରଭାବ ବିଷୟରେ କ'ଣ ଅନୁମାନ କରାଯାଇପାରିବ?)

A. He was primarily influenced by his father’s achievements in the military.

B. His inspiration came solely from the tales of the Mahabharata.

C. His family and heritage inspired his bravery and sense of duty.

D. He decided to join the military out of necessity rather than passion.

Answer: C. His family and heritage inspired his bravery and sense of duty.

(ii) ❓ Identify whether the following statement is true or false:

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବିବୃତ୍ତିଟି ସତ୍ୟ ନା ମିଥ୍ୟା ଚିହ୍ନଟ କରନ୍ତୁ:)

Somnath Sharma belonged to a wealthy family.

Answer: False.

(iii) ❓ What does the phrase ‘served the nation with distinction’ tell us about Major General Amar Nath Sharma?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: 'ଅସାଧାରଣ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ ସହିତ ଦେଶର ସେବା କରିଥିଲେ' ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶଟି ଆମକୁ ମେଜର ଜେନେରାଲ ଅମର ନାଥ ଶର୍ମାଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ କ'ଣ କହୁଛି?)

Answer: Major General Amar Nath Sharma performed his duties with exceptional dedication, honour, and excellence.

(iv) ❓ Replace the underlined phrase with a word from the extract that has a similar meaning.

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହି ଉଦ୍ଧୃତାଂଶରୁ ଏକ ସମାନ ଅର୍ଥବୋଧକ ଶବ୍ଦ ବାଛି ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶକୁ ବଦଳାନ୍ତୁ।)

My family and I visited a popular hill station and stayed in an old but visually charming house surrounded by trees.

Answer: picturesque

II. Answer the following questions. ✍️

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଉତ୍ତର ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ।)

Question 1 ♾️: ‘Major Somnath’s legacy of courage and devotion to the nation remains forever alive, forever alive…’ What is the significance of the repetition in this line?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହି ଧାଡ଼ିରେ 'ସର୍ବଦା ଜୀବିତ' ବା 'forever alive' ଶବ୍ଦର ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତିର ମହତ୍ତ୍ୱ କ'ଣ?)

Answer: The repetition of the phrase ‘forever alive’ emphasizes the lasting impact of Major Somnath’s bravery and devotion. It conveys that his sacrifice is remembered not just as a moment in history, but as an eternal source of inspiration for future generations.

Question 2 🧠: Why do you think Major Somnath’s leadership was critical during the Battle of Badgam?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ବଡ଼ଗାମ୍ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ ସମୟରେ ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥଙ୍କ ନେତୃତ୍ୱ କାହିଁକି ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଥିଲା ବୋଲି ଆପଣ ଭାବୁଛନ୍ତି?)

Answer: Major Somnath’s leadership was critical during the Battle of Badgam because he remained calm under pressure, inspired his men to fight bravely despite overwhelming odds, and made strategic decisions such as requesting air strikes. His presence and courage motivated his troops to hold their ground, buying valuable time for reinforcements to arrive and save Srinagar.

Question 3 🗣️: What were Major Somnath’s last words? What do they reflect about his sense of duty?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥଙ୍କ ଶେଷ ଶବ୍ଦ କ'ଣ ଥିଲା? ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ତାଙ୍କ କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟବୋଧ ବିଷୟରେ କ'ଣ ଦର୍ଶାଉଛି?)

Answer: Major Somnath’s last words were: “The enemy is only 50 yards from us. We are heavily outnumbered. We are under devastating fire. I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round.” These words reflect his unshakeable commitment to his mission and his willingness to sacrifice everything for the defence of his country. They show his deep sense of duty, bravery, and leadership.

Question 4 🏔️: What might have been the outcome of the Battle of Badgam if Major Somnath and his company had not held their ground?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଯଦି ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥ ଏବଂ ତାଙ୍କ କମ୍ପାନୀ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଦୃଢ଼ ହୋଇ ରହିନଥାନ୍ତେ, ତେବେ ବଡ଼ଗାମ୍ ଯୁଦ୍ଧର ଫଳାଫଳ କ'ଣ ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତା?)

Answer: If Major Somnath and his company had not held their ground, the infiltrators might have captured the Srinagar airport and the surrounding areas. This could have led to the loss of Kashmir to Pakistan in 1947, changing the course of Indian history significantly.

Question 5 🌟: Why do you think Major Somnath’s story continues to inspire soldiers and civilians today?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଆଜି ମଧ୍ୟ ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥଙ୍କ କାହାଣୀ ସୈନିକ ଏବଂ ସାଧାରଣ ନାଗରିକଙ୍କୁ କାହିଁକି ପ୍ରେରଣା ଯୋଗାଉଛି ବୋଲି ଆପଣ ଭାବୁଛନ୍ତି?)

Answer: Major Somnath’s story inspires people because it embodies courage, patriotism, and selfless sacrifice. He led from the front despite personal injury and chose to fight against overwhelming odds rather than retreat. Such dedication to the nation sets a powerful example for both soldiers defending the country and civilians striving to uphold values in their daily lives.

Question 6 🤝: How can the values demonstrated by Major Somnath Sharma—courage, duty, and self-sacrifice—be applied in our daily lives?

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ମେଜର ସୋମନାଥ ଶର୍ମାଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶିତ ମୂଲ୍ୟବୋଧ - ସାହସ, କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ଆତ୍ମବଳିଦାନ - ଆମ ଦୈନନ୍ଦିନ ଜୀବନରେ କିପରି ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କରାଯାଇପାରିବ?)

Answer: These values can guide us to face challenges bravely, take responsibility for our actions, and put the well-being of others above our own interests. Whether it’s helping someone in need, standing up for what’s right, or staying committed to our goals, we can honour his legacy by living with integrity, responsibility, and compassion.

📚 Let us learn (Pages 62-66)

I. Match the expressions from the text in Column 1 with the most suitable situations given in Column 2. 🔗

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ 1 ରେ ଥିବା ଅଭିବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ 2 ରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ସବୁଠାରୁ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ପରିସ୍ଥିତି ସହିତ ମେଳ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

Answer:

.1. Fight to the last man - (ii) The soldiers fought valiantly until each one laid down his life for the nation.

.2. Foil the plan - (iv) A spy disrupts the enemy’s efforts to invade a country by intercepting their communications.

.3. Deliver a blow - (i) A sports team scores a last minute goal, giving them the lead and shaking the opponent’s confidence.

4.. Hold their ground - (iii) Soldiers stay in their position and fight back, even though the enemy is stronger.

Now, complete the following sentences using the expressions from Column 1. ✏️

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ, ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ 1 ରୁ ଅଭିବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପୂରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

Question with Answers

A. The detective managed to foil the plan by finding the hidden evidence before the culprit could get rid of it.

B. The company’s new advertising campaign was meant to deliver a blow to their competitors’ sales.

C. The hikers chose to hold their ground despite the heavy rain, refusing to turn back on their journey.

D. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the soldiers vowed to defend their homeland and fight to the last man, refusing to surrender to the enemy forces.

II. Read the highlighted words in the following sentence from the text. A contingent of troops posted to Jammu and Kashmir was air-lifted into Srinagar…
There are many such collective nouns used in the context of armed forces.

Match the collective nouns in Column 1 to their meanings in Column 2. You may refer to a dictionary.

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ 1 ରେ ଥିବା ସାମୂହିକ ବିଶେଷ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ (collective nouns) ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ 2 ରେ ଥିବା ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଅର୍ଥ ସହିତ ମେଳ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

Answer:

1. regiment - (ii) a permanent unit of an army typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel/colonel and divided into several companies

2. squadron - (iii) a small unit, typically comprising 12-24 aircrafts and their crews used in air force, naval, or army aviation services.

3. fleet - (iv) a group of ships sailing together, engaged in the same activity, or under the same ownership

4. battalion - (i) a large body of troops ready for battle, especially an infantry unit

Now, fill in the blanks suitably with words from Column 1 in the table. ✏️

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ, ଟେବୁଲ୍ ର ସ୍ତମ୍ଭ 1 ରେ ଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସହିତ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ଭାବରେ ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

A. The commanding officer addressed the entire _______ of soldiers during the morning assembly.

B. The admiral ordered the entire ________  to set sail for battle.

C. The _______  of infantry advanced slowly through the dense forest.

D. A __________ of fighter jets was sent to intercept the enemy planes.

Answers:-

A. regiment
B. fleet
C. battalion     

 D. squadron

III. Read the following words from the text and fill in the blanks with the correct words by taking clues from the meanings given below in the box. 🔍

overthrow,overrun,overwhelm

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ପାଠ୍ୟରୁ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପଢ଼ନ୍ତୁ ଏବଂ ନିମ୍ନରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ଅର୍ଥରୁ ସୂଚନା ନେଇ ସଠିକ୍ ଶବ୍ଦ ସହିତ ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

Answer:

✊1. To take and seize control: overthrow (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣକୁ ନେବା ଏବଂ କ୍ଷମତା ଦଖଲ କରିବା: କ୍ଷମତାଚ୍ୟୁତ କରିବା ବା ଉଚ୍ଛେଦ କରିବା)

🪖2. To invade or occupy an area in large numbers: overrun (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ବହୁ ସଂଖ୍ୟାରେ ଏକ ଅଞ୍ଚଳ ଉପରେ ଆକ୍ରମଣ କରିବା କିମ୍ବା ଅଧିକାର କରିବା: ମାଡ଼ିଯିବା ବା କବଜା କରିବା)

🌊3. To flood or overpower someone or something emotionally: overwhelm (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: କାହାକୁ ବା କୌଣସି ଜିନିଷକୁ ଭାବପ୍ରବଣତାରେ ବୁଡ଼ାଇ ଦେବା କିମ୍ବା ଅଭିଭୂତ କରିବା: ଅଭିଭୂତ କରିବା)

Now, create a list of at least five other verbs that begin with ‘over’ and frame sentences of your own. 📝

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ, ‘over’ ରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଉଥିବା ଅତିକମରେ ପାଞ୍ଚଟି ଅନ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟାପଦର ତାଲିକା ତିଆରି କରନ୍ତୁ ଏବଂ ଆପଣଙ୍କର ନିଜସ୍ୱ ବାକ୍ୟ ଗଠନ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

Answer:

1.Overestimate - Don’t overestimate your ability to finish the project in just one day.

2.Overlook - She overlooked a small detail that caused the entire plan to fail.

3.Overreact - He tends to overreact to even minor criticism.

4. Overwork - If you overwork yourself, you’ll end up feeling exhausted and burned out.

5. Overslept - I missed the bus because I overslept this morning.

IV. In the following pairs of words, ‘c’ is used for nouns, while ‘s’ is used for verbs. Now, fill in the blanks correctly with the words given in the brackets. 🅰️🅱️

• advice (noun) and advise (verb)
• practice (noun) and practise (verb)
• device (noun) and devise (verb)
• council (noun) and counsel (verb)

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ଶବ୍ଦ ଯୋଡ଼ିଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ ପାଇଁ ‘c’ ଏବଂ କ୍ରିୟା ପାଇଁ ‘s’ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ। ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ ବ୍ରାକେଟରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସହିତ ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସଠିକ୍ ଭାବରେ ପୂରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

Answer:

1.The teacher’s (i) advice is always helpful, and she continues to (ii) advise students on their career choices.

2.The musician believes that daily (i) practice helps a lot, so she is always ready to (ii) practise her harmonium lessons.

3.The scientist uses a strange (i) device for experiments and plans to (ii) devise new methods for his analysis.

4.The village (i) council met to discuss issues and decided to (ii) counsel the villagers on important matters.

V. Subject-Verb Agreement: Fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets. ✅

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ସବ୍ଜେକ୍ଟ-ଭର୍ବ ଏଗ୍ରିମେଣ୍ଟ: ବ୍ରାକେଟ୍ ଭିତରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ସଠିକ୍ କ୍ରିୟାପଦ (verb) ବାଛି ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପାଇଁ ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

Answer:

1.The bouquet of flowers is (is/are) beautiful.

2.Neither the teacher nor the students were (was/were) aware of the change in the schedule.

3. Each of the participants has (has/have) submitted their projects on time.

4. The data collected by the researchers show (shows/show) significant trends.

5. One of the players was (was/were) injured during the match.

6. Either the children or their guardian has (has/have) to attend the meeting.

7. A pair of shoes is (is/are) missing from the rack.

8. Neither of the statements is (is/are) true.

9. The members of the jury have delivered (has deliver/have delivered) their verdict to the court.

10. Mathematics is (is/are) an interesting subject for many students.

VI. Read the following passage and correct the incorrect usage of verbs. ✍️

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ପାଠ୍ୟକୁ ପଢ଼ନ୍ତୁ ଏବଂ କ୍ରିୟାପଦର ଭୁଲ୍ ବ୍ୟବହାରକୁ ସଂଶୋଧନ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

Original (Incorrect): Each soldier salute with pride while the commander and his assistants inspects the parade. The sound of marching feet echo through the air as a group of cadets prepare for their drill. Meanwhile, a convoy of military vehicles pass by, drawing cheers from the gathered crowd.

Answer (Corrected):

Each soldier salutes with pride while the commander and his assistants inspect the parade. The sound of marching feet echoes through the air as a group of cadets prepares for their drill. Meanwhile, a convoy of military vehicles passes by, drawing cheers from the gathered crowd.

🎧 Let us listen (Page 66)

I. You will listen to a talk about the Param Vir Chakra. As you listen, complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with one or two exact words or phrases you hear. 🎙️

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଆପଣ ପରମ ବୀର ଚକ୍ର ବିଷୟରେ ଏକ ଭାଷଣ ଶୁଣିବେ। ଆପଣ ଶୁଣିବା ସମୟରେ, ଆପଣ ଶୁଣୁଥିବା ଗୋଟିଏ କିମ୍ବା ଦୁଇଟି ସଠିକ୍ ଶବ୍ଦ ବା ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶ ଦେଇ ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।)

Answer:

1. The Param Vir Chakra signifies the Wheel of the Ultimate Brave.

2. The Param Vir Chakra is awarded to someone who shows exemplary bravery while fighting with the Enemy.

3. The Param Vir Chakra was introduced as a Gallantry Medal in 1947 by the Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the then President of India.

4. The design of the Param Vir Chakra is inspired by Sage Dadhichi, who was a Vedic rishi.

5. The state emblem in the centre of the Param Vir Chakra is surrounded by the Vajra and lotus flowers.

🗣️ Let us speak (Pages 66-67)

I. As the citizens of a nation, we all must fulfil our duty. In groups of 4-5, speak about how you propose to serve your nation.

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏକ ଦେଶର ନାଗରିକ ଭାବରେ ଆମ ସମସ୍ତଙ୍କୁ ଆମର କର୍ତ୍ତବ୍ୟ ପୂରଣ କରିବାକୁ ପଡିବ। ୪-୫ ଜଣିଆ ଦଳରେ, ଆପଣ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଦେଶର ସେବା କିପରି କରିବାକୁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତାବ ଦେବେ ସେ ବିଷୟରେ କୁହନ୍ତୁ।)

Answer:

Student 1: I believe one of the best ways to serve the nation is by saving the environment. Our natural resources are limited, and we need to act now to protect them for future generations.

Student 2: A small change we can make is carrying our own cloth bags instead of using plastic bags, and it will have a big impact because plastic takes hundreds of years to decompose and harms animals and water bodies.

Student 3: If everyone contributes by reducing waste, planting trees, and conserving water, it can lead to cleaner air, better health, and a more sustainable future for all citizens.

Student 4: One of the biggest challenges we face is the lack of awareness and careless habits, and I propose we address it by organizing awareness drives in schools and neighbourhoods to educate people about eco-friendly practices.

Student 5: We can make a difference by working together as a team, if we start local projects like cleanliness drives, food banks, or tutoring programs for underprivileged children.

Student 1: Serving the nation is not just about big actions; even small efforts like being kind, listening to someone’s problems, or helping a neighbour matter.

📝 Let us write (Pages 67-68)

I. Now, write a letter of enquiry. Your school wishes to organise a visit to a Memorial in your state/region. Write the letter to the incharge of that memorial requesting for information regarding available dates for visits, the duration of the tour, any entry fees, and guidelines for student groups. ✉️

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ, ଏକ ଅନୁସନ୍ଧାନ ପତ୍ର (Letter of enquiry) ଲେଖନ୍ତୁ। ଆପଣଙ୍କ ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ/ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ଥିବା ଏକ ସ୍ମାରକୀ (Memorial) ପରିଦର୍ଶନ କରିବାକୁ ଚାହୁଁଛି। ସେହି ସ୍ମାରକୀର ଦାୟିତ୍ୱରେ ଥିବା ଅଧିକାରୀଙ୍କୁ ପରିଦର୍ଶନ ପାଇଁ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ତାରିଖ, ଗସ୍ତର ଅବଧି, ପ୍ରବେଶ ଶୁଳ୍କ ଏବଂ ଛାତ୍ର ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ ପାଇଁ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶାବଳୀ ବିଷୟରେ ତଥ୍ୟ ମାଗି ଏକ ଚିଠି ଲେଖନ୍ତୁ।)

Answer:

Green Valley Public School

Sector 10, Lakeview Road

Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh – 462003

17 May 2025

The Incharge

Shaheed Smarak Memorial

Central Square, Bhopal – 462001

Subject: Enquiry about a School Visit to a Memorial

Dear Sir,

This is to enquire about the possibility of organising a visit to the Shaheed Smarak Memorial for students of classes IX and X of our school. The visit is intended to help students learn about the nation’s history and honour the sacrifices of our martyrs. Could you please provide details about the procedures and formalities involved in arranging such a visit?

Firstly, I request you to share the available dates for group visits in the coming month. Secondly, I would appreciate it if you could explain the duration of the tour and whether guided tours are provided.

I would also be grateful to get further details on any entry fees or group discounts applicable for school students. Lastly, could you clarify if there are any specific guidelines or safety protocols we need to follow while bringing a student group?

An early reply will be greatly appreciated, as it will help us in planning the schedule and seeking necessary approvals. I look forward to your guidance and support for making this trip meaningful and educational for our students.

Yours sincerely,

Ananya Sharma

Cultural Activities Coordinator

Green Valley Public School

🌍 Let us explore (Pages 68-69)

I. Read about PVC Awardees 📖

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ପରମ ବୀର ଚକ୍ର (PVC) ବିଜେତାମାନଙ୍କ ବିଷୟରେ ପଢ଼ନ୍ତୁ।)

Out of twenty-one PVC awardees, Major Somnath Sharma was the first recipient of the PVC, and Captain Vikram Batra was the last recipient of the PVC, the highest gallantry award... Captain Vikram Batra is popularly remembered as the “Shershah of Kargil”. His iconic success signal was ‘Yeh Dil Mange More’. Captain Vikram Batra, the D Company commander, was tasked to capture Point 5140 on 20 June 1999, which he did with exemplary courage... His inspiring leadership, dedication to duty, and steadfast love for his country continue to be an inspiration for the younger generation. He attended the call of duty with absolute disregard for his personal safety. He was awarded the Param Vir Chakra (Posthumously).

II. Find out more about gallantry awards. 🎖️

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ବୀରତ୍ୱ ପୁରସ୍କାର ବିଷୟରେ ଅଧିକ ଜାଣନ୍ତୁ।)

Gallantry awards in India are given to military personnel and others for displaying extraordinary courage in the line of duty.

• Param Vir Chakra: The highest military award in India.

• Maha Vir Chakra: The second-highest military award in India.

• Vir Chakra: Awarded for acts of gallantry in the presence of the enemy.

III. Find out the key roles of women in the Indian Army. Share the information with your classmates and teacher. 👩‍✈️

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଭାରତୀୟ ସେନାରେ ମହିଳାମାନଙ୍କର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଭୂମିକାଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଖୋଜି ବାହାର କରନ୍ତୁ। ଆପଣଙ୍କର ସହପାଠୀ ଏବଂ ଶିକ୍ଷକଙ୍କ ସହ ତଥ୍ୟ ବାଣ୍ଟନ୍ତୁ।)

Key Roles of Women in the Indian Army:

1.Officer Ranks: Women can serve as commissioned officers in multiple branches through SSC and PC.

2.Combat Support and Services: They serve in the Army Medical Corps, Education Corps, JAG (military law), Signals, Engineering units, Intelligence, and Military Police.

3.Corps of Military Police (CMP): Recruiting women soldiers for policing army establishments, controlling female offenders, etc.

4.Peacekeeping and UN Missions: Indian women officers have represented the country in UN Peacekeeping Missions.

5.Leadership Roles: Women officers have held command roles (e.g., Lt. Gen. Punita Arora).

Conclusion: Women in the Indian Army have proven their bravery, discipline, and dedication in every role assigned to them. Their growing presence is a symbol of gender equality and national pride.

IV. Read about Birsa Munda: A Saga of Courage and Sacrifice 🏹

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ବିର୍ସା ମୁଣ୍ଡା: ସାହସ ଏବଂ ବଳିଦାନର ଗାଥା ବିଷୟରେ ପଢ଼ନ୍ତୁ।)

Birsa Munda, a revered tribal freedom fighter, spiritual leader, and folk hero, belonged to the Munda tribe. Celebrated as a valiant warrior and a charismatic figure, he emerged as a powerful symbol of tribal resistance against British colonial rule. Among the people of Jharkhand, he is affectionately known as Dharti Aaba—Father of the Land...

V. Make a list of the patriotic songs in any language, including songs from your region. Share the songs with your classmates and teacher. 🎶

(ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଯେକୌଣସି ଭାଷାରେ ଦେଶାତ୍ମବୋଧକ ଗୀତଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଏକ ତାଲିକା ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ କରନ୍ତୁ, ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ଗୀତଗୁଡ଼ିକ ମଧ୍ୟ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ ଥିବ। ଏହି ଗୀତଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ସହପାଠୀ ଏବଂ ଶିକ୍ଷକଙ୍କ ସହ ବାଣ୍ଟନ୍ତୁ।)

Answer: Do it yourself. (Examples you can use: 'Vande Mataram', 'Bande Utkala Janani' (Odia), 'Sare Jahan Se Achha', 'Ae Mere Watan Ke Logon'.)