Instructions (English): Underline the Adverb Clause in each sentence and identify its type (Time, Place, Manner, Reason, Purpose, Condition, Concession, Result, or Comparison).

Instructions (Odia): ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା Adverb Clause କୁ ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ କରନ୍ତୁ ଏବଂ ଏହାର ପ୍ରକାର ଚିହ୍ନଟ କରନ୍ତୁ (Time, Place, Manner, Reason, Purpose, Condition, Concession, Result, or Comparison)।

	Sentence (English)	Adverb Clause	Type (ପ୍ରକାର)
1.	Wait here until I come back.	until I come back	Time (ସମୟ)
2.	He failed because he was lazy.	because he was lazy	Reason (କାରଣ)
3.	If you work hard, you will succeed.	If you work hard	Condition (ସର୍ତ୍ତ)
4.	Though he is poor, he is honest.	Though he is poor	Concession (ବିପରୀତ ସ୍ଥିତି)
5.	We eat so that we may live.	so that we may live	Purpose (ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ)
6.	He behaves as if he were the king.	as if he were the king	Manner (ରୀତି)
7.	I will follow you wherever you go.	wherever you go	Place (ସ୍ଥାନ)
8.	He is so weak that he cannot walk.	that he cannot walk	Result (ଫଳାଫଳ)
9.	He is older than his brother is.	than his brother is	Comparison (ତୁଳନା)
10.	As soon as he saw the police, he ran away.	As soon as he saw the police	Time (ସମୟ)
11.	He is not as clever as you think.	as you think	Comparison (ତୁଳନା)
12.	Unless you apologize, I will punish you.	Unless you apologize	Condition (ସର୍ତ୍ତ)
13.	He was respected wherever he went.	wherever he went	Place (ସ୍ଥାନ)
14.	He took medicine in order that he might get well.	in order that he might get well	Purpose (ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ)
15.	Since you are ill, you should take rest.	Since you are ill	Reason (କାରଣ)
16.	Do as I say.	as I say	Manner (ରୀତି)
17.	He is rich, even if he seems poor.	even if he seems poor	Concession (ବିପରୀତ ସ୍ଥିତି)
18.	When the rain stopped, we went out.	When the rain stopped	Time (ସମୟ)
19.	He ran so fast that I could not catch him.	that I could not catch him	Result (ଫଳାଫଳ)
20.	Provided you return the book, I will lend it.	Provided you return the book	Condition (ସର୍ତ୍ତ)
21.	As he was not there, I left a note.	As he was not there	Reason (କାରଣ)
22.	Do it before you forget.	before you forget	Time (ସମୟ)
23.	He talks as though he knew everything.	as though he knew everything	Manner (ରୀତି)
24.	Although the sum was difficult, he solved it.	Although the sum was difficult	Concession (ବିପରୀତ ସ୍ଥିତି)
25.	You must stay where you are.	where you are	Place (ସ୍ଥାନ)

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🖊️ Activity B: Fill in the Blanks (Conjunctions)

Instructions (English): Fill in the blanks with a suitable subordinating conjunction (e.g., if, though, because, as, when, while, so that, as if, than, unless).

Instructions (Odia): ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ subordinating conjunction (ଯେପରିକି if, though, because, as, when, while, so that, as if, than, unless) ଦ୍ୱାରା ଶୂନ୍ୟସ୍ଥାନ ପୂରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।

1. He is honest, _____ he is poor.

Answer: though / although

2. I will not go _____ you come with me.

Answer: unless

3. He worked hard _____ he might succeed.

Answer: so that / in order that

4. He failed _____ he was lazy.

Answer: because

5. Wait here _____ I return.

Answer: until

6. He is taller _____ I am.

Answer: than

7. He behaves _____ he were rich.

Answer: as if / as though

8. I will help you _____ you need it.

Answer: if / when

9. He was so tired _____ he could not speak.

Answer: that

10. _____ you are ready, we can start.

Answer: If / As

11. He arrived _____ the meeting had started.

Answer: after

12. You must leave at once, _____ you will be late.

Answer: or / otherwise (Note: 'or' makes it a compound sentence, but it's often used in conditional contexts)

13. He is not as intelligent _____ his brother.

Answer: as

14. Strike the iron _____ it is hot.

Answer: while

15. He went to the hospital _____ he was sick.

Answer: because / as

16. I shall go _____ you may not like it.

Answer: even if / although

17. I will wait _____ you finish your lunch.

Answer: until

18. He ran fast _____ he could win the race.

Answer: so that

19. _____ you do not obey, you will be punished.

Answer: If

20. I found my book _____ I had left it.

Answer: where

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🔗 Activity C: Sentence Combination

Instructions (English): Combine the following pairs of sentences into one complex sentence using the adverb clause type mentioned in brackets.

Instructions (Odia): ବନ୍ଧନୀରେ ଦିଆଯାଇଥିବା ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ ଅନୁଯାୟୀ adverb clause ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ବାକ୍ୟ ଯୋଡିଗୁଡିକୁ ଗୋଟିଏ ଜଟିଳ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ମିଶ୍ରଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।

1. He is poor. He is honest. (Use Concession)

Answer: Though he is poor, he is honest.

2. Work hard. You will succeed. (Use Condition)

Answer: If you work hard, you will succeed.

3. I was ill. I could not go to school. (Use Reason)

Answer: I could not go to school because I was ill.

4. He ran fast. He wanted to win the race. (Use Purpose)

Answer: He ran fast so that he could win the race.

5. The rain stopped. We went out to play. (Use Time)

Answer: When the rain stopped, we went out to play.

6. He is tall. His brother is taller. (Use Comparison)

Answer: His brother is taller than he is.

7. He is rich. He is not happy. (Use Concession)

Answer: Although he is rich, he is not happy.

8. Do not go. Wait for me. (Use Time)

Answer: Do not go until I come.

9. You must tell the truth. You will be punished. (Use Condition with 'unless')

Answer: Unless you tell the truth, you will be punished.

10. He was very weak. He could not walk. (Use Result)

Answer: He was so weak that he could not walk.

11. He was walking. A dog bit him. (Use Time with 'while')

Answer: While he was walking, a dog bit him.

12. I will go. It doesn't matter where you go. (Use Place)

Answer: I will go wherever you go.

13. He talks like a master. He is not the master. (Use Manner)

Answer: He talks as if he were the master.

14. The sun rose. The fog disappeared. (Use Time with 'as soon as')

Answer: As soon as the sun rose, the fog disappeared.

15. He is intelligent. His sister is equally intelligent. (Use Comparison with 'as...as')

Answer: He is as intelligent as his sister.

16. He must be mad. He talks like that. (Use Manner)

Answer: He talks as if he were mad.

17. I will not help him. He must apologize first. (Use Condition)

Answer: I will not help him unless he apologizes first.

18. I am telling you this. I want you to know the truth. (Use Purpose)

Answer: I am telling you this so that you may know the truth.

19. It was raining. We stayed indoors. (Use Reason)

Answer: We stayed indoors as it was raining.

20. He reached the station. The train left immediately. (Use Time with 'no sooner...than')

Answer: No sooner had he reached the station than the train left.

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✏️ Activity D: Error Correction (Conditionals & Tense)

Instructions (English): Find the error in the adverb clause (especially in conditionals) and rewrite the sentence correctly.

Instructions (Odia): Adverb clause ରେ ଥିବା ଭୁଲକୁ (ବିଶେଷକରି ସର୍ତ୍ତମୂଳକ ବାକ୍ୟରେ) ଖୋଜନ୍ତୁ ଏବଂ ବାକ୍ୟଟିକୁ ସଠିକ୍ ଭାବରେ ପୁନର୍ଲିଖନ କରନ୍ତୁ।

1. Incorrect: If I will go to Delhi, I will see him.

Correct: If I go to Delhi, I will see him.

2. Incorrect: If I am you, I would not do it.

Correct: If I were you, I would not do it.

3. Incorrect: If he would have worked hard, he would have passed.

Correct: If he had worked hard, he would have passed.

4. Incorrect: He worked hard so that he will pass.

Correct: He worked hard so that he might/could pass.

5. Incorrect: Unless you do not work hard, you will fail. (Double negative)

Correct: Unless you work hard, you will fail.

6. Incorrect: He is so weak as he cannot walk.

Correct: He is so weak that he cannot walk.

7. Incorrect: He ran fast lest he will miss the train.

Correct: He ran fast lest he should miss the train.

8. Incorrect: Wait here if I return.

Correct: Wait here until I return.

9. Incorrect: He will not succeed if he works hard.

Correct: He will not succeed unless he works hard.

10. Incorrect: When I will reach home, I will call you.

Correct: When I reach home, I will call you.

11. Incorrect: He speaks like he is a leader.

Correct: He speaks as if he were a leader.

12. Incorrect: Had I known this, I will not have come.

Correct: Had I known this, I would not have come.

13. Incorrect: I am taller as my brother.

Correct: I am taller than my brother.

14. Incorrect: He is very ill that he cannot eat.

Correct: He is so ill that he cannot eat.

15. Incorrect: I shall help you if you will help me.

Correct: I shall help you if you help me.

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🔄 Activity E: Transformation (Phrase to Clause)

Instructions (English): Rewrite the sentences by changing the underlined adverbial phrase into an Adverb Clause.

Instructions (Odia): ରେଖାଙ୍କିତ adverbial phrase କୁ ଏକ Adverb Clause ରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ କରି ବାକ୍ୟଟିକୁ ପୁନର୍ଲିଖନ କରନ୍ତୁ।

1. He failed  on account of his illness .

Answer: He failed because he was ill.

2. He works hard  to earn money .

Answer: He works hard so that he can earn money.

3.  In spite of his poverty , he is honest.

Answer: Though he is poor, he is honest.

4.  At the time of his arrival , I was busy.

Answer: When he arrived, I was busy.

5. He is too weak  to walk .

Answer: He is so weak that he cannot walk.

6.  On seeing the police , the thief ran away.

Answer: As soon as he saw the police, the thief ran away.

7. He is tall  like his father .

Answer: He is as tall as his father is.

8. He was punished  for his misbehavior .

Answer: He was punished because he misbehaved.

9. He went to Kolkata  to see the Victoria Memorial .

Answer: He went to Kolkata so that he could see the Victoria Memorial.

10. The match was cancelled  owing to bad weather .

Answer: The match was cancelled because the weather was bad.

11.  After finishing his work , he went to bed.

Answer: After he had finished his work, he went to bed.

12. He talks  like a madman .

Answer: He talks as if he were mad.

13. You must work hard  to get a first class .

Answer: You must work hard if you want to get a first class.

14.  During my stay in Puri , I visited the temple daily.

Answer: While I was staying in Puri, I visited the temple daily.

15.  In the event of his failure , he will be sad.

Answer: If he fails, he will be sad.

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✍️ Activity F: Sentence Completion

Instructions (English): Complete the following sentences by adding a suitable Main Clause or Adverb Clause.

Instructions (Odia): ଏକ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ Main Clause କିମ୍ବା Adverb Clause ଯୋଗ କରି ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରନ୍ତୁ।

(Note: These answers are examples, as the activity is open-ended.)

(ସୂଚନା: ଏହି ଉତ୍ତରଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଉଦାହରଣ ଅଟେ, କାରଣ ଏହି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକଳାପଟି ମୁକ୍ତ)

1. Although he worked hard, _____.

Answer: Although he worked hard, he did not succeed. (ଯଦିଓ ସେ କଠିନ ପରିଶ୍ରମ କଲେ, ସେ ସଫଳ ହେଲେ ନାହିଁ।)

2. I will not forgive him unless _____.

Answer: I will not forgive him unless he apologizes. (ମୁଁ ତାଙ୍କୁ କ୍ଷମା ଦେବି ନାହିଁ ଯଦି ସେ କ୍ଷମା ନ ମାଗନ୍ତି।)

3. He is honest, even if _____.

Answer: He is honest, even if he is poor. (ସେ ସଚ୍ଚୋଟ, ଯଦିଓ ସେ ଗରିବ।)

4. _____ so that he could pass.

Answer: He studied hard so that he could pass. (ସେ କଠିନ ପଢାପଢି କଲେ ଯାହାଫଳରେ ସେ ପାସ୍ କରିପାରିବେ।)

5. _____ because he was lazy.

Answer: He did not succeed because he was lazy. (ସେ ଅଳସୁଆ ଥିବାରୁ ସଫଳ ହେଲେ ନାହିଁ।)

6. If I were a bird, _____.

Answer: If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. (ଯଦି ମୁଁ ପକ୍ଷୀ ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତି, ମୁଁ ଆକାଶରେ ଉଡନ୍ତି।)

7. _____ as soon as the teacher entered.

Answer: The students stood up as soon as the teacher entered. (ଶିକ୍ଷକ ପ୍ରବେଶ କରିବା ମାତ୍ରେ ଛାତ୍ରମାନେ ଠିଆ ହୋଇଗଲେ।)

8. He behaves as if _____.

Answer: He behaves as if he knew everything. (ସେ ଏପରି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରନ୍ତି ସତେ ଯେପରି ସେ ସବୁକିଛି ଜାଣିଛନ୍ତି।)

9. Had I known you were coming, _____.

Answer: Had I known you were coming, I would have cooked dinner. (ଯଦି ମୁଁ ଜାଣିଥାନ୍ତି ତୁମେ ଆସୁଛ, ମୁଁ ରାତ୍ରୀ ଭୋଜନ ରାନ୍ଧିଥାନ୍ତି।)

10. I will not go out if _____.

Answer: I will not go out if it rains. (ମୁଁ ବାହାରକୁ ଯିବି ନାହିଁ ଯଦି ବର୍ଷା ହୁଏ।)